Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41507807›Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026

Biochemical urine analysis of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin by LC-MS: a pilot study of an objective method to assess non-adherence.

Maximilian Brockmeyer, Nadja Chernyak, Daniel Dröge, Hanna Wessel, Claudio Parco, Alexander Hoss, Kris G Vargas, Yingfeng Lin, Annette Rickert, Stefanie Ritz and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05814692 (Feasibility of BIOchemical Urine Analysis of Adherence to Statins and Associated FACTorS in Coronary Artery Disease), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05814692 unknown statusnot on this map

Feasibility of BIOchemical Urine Analysis of Adherence to Statins and Associated FACTorS in Coronary Artery Disease: The BIO-FACTS Pilot Study

TypeobservationalSponsorHeinrich-Heine University, DuesseldorfRan2022 to 2024Enrolled130ConditionsCoronary Heart DiseaseArmsblood and urine samples
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Maximilian Brockmeyer *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Nadja Chernyak *Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Daniel DrögeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Hanna WesselInstitute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Claudio ParcoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Alexander HossDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Kris G VargasDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Yingfeng LinDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Annette RickertDepartment of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Stefanie RitzDepartment of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Andrea IcksInstitute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Malte KelmDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Georg WolffDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, Germany. georg.wolff@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1734-6177
Oliver TemmeDepartment of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveNon-adherence to statins represents a contributing factor for poor attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment goals in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to establish urine analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as a method for objective measurement of non-adherence to high-potency statins. Additionally, we sought to apply the method to a population of ambulatory CAD patients at a German heart center in a cross-sectional pilot study.

methodsVolunteers provided urine samples one, two, three, and seven days after intake of a single dose of atorvastatin and/or rosuvastatin. Additionally, urine samples from ambulatory CAD patients on prescription of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin were obtained. All urine samples were analyzed by LC-MS for concentrations of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Lower limits of detection were determined on spiked urine samples to define cut-off values (COVs) for the detection of statins (atorvastatin 1.40 ng/mL, rosuvastatin 1.00 ng/mL). Non-adherence was defined as a measurement of the respective statin below the COV.

resultsOn day one, in volunteers’ (n = 16, 37.3 ± 6 years, 81.3% male) urine samples, concentrations were above COV in 92.3% (atorvastatin, n = 13) and 90% (rosuvastatin, n = 10). After seven days, atorvastatin could not be detected in all 13 volunteers (100%) and rosuvastatin in nine of ten volunteers (90.0%),

conclusionLC-MS analysis of urine is a feasible method for direct testing of adherence to high-potency statins within a one-week time-window. In the investigated population of ambulatory patients with CAD, non-adherence to statins was found in a considerably low range.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05814692, first registered 20,230,403.

Indexed as

AtorvastatinCoronary Artery DiseaseDrug MonitoringHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsLiquid Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryMedication AdherenceRosuvastatin CalciumAdultAgedBiomarkersChromatography, LiquidCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGermanyHumansMaleAtorvastatinBiomarkersHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsRosuvastatin CalciumAtorvastatinCoronary artery diseaseLiquid chromatography/Mass spectrometryNon-adherenceRosuvastatinUrine

Identifiers

PMID41507807
PMCPMC12836941

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.