Evidence mapPaperPMID 41508110Full record

ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2026

Empagliflozin and its impact on hepatic and metabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Khadeeja Ali Hamzah, Mohammedsadeq A Shweliya, Yousif Hameed Kurmasha, Marafi Jammaa Ahmed, Ashna Habib, Abanoub I I Kamel, Zarwa Rashid, Aya Ahmed Shimal, Mayar Moghazy, Fatima Fahem and 4 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Khadeeja Ali HamzahDepartment of Internal Medicine, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Mohammedsadeq A ShweliyaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Yousif Hameed KurmashaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
Marafi Jammaa AhmedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bahri University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Ashna HabibDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abanoub I I KamelFaculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
Zarwa RashidDepartment of Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Aya Ahmed ShimalDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Mayar MoghazyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Fatima FahemDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al- Qadisiyah, Iraq.
Mohammad Yassin Al AboudDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Latakia University, Latakia, Syria.
Ahmed ElgazzarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Abdulhadi M A MahgoubDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, North Sudan, Dongola, Suda, Sudan. abdulhadimhjoob@gmail.com.
Ali Saad Al-ShammariDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), often coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to shared metabolic pathways such as insulin resistance. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, may provide hepatic and metabolic benefits. This study evaluated its effects on liver fat, enzymes, fibrosis, metabolic parameters, and inflammation in T2DM with MASLD.

methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Primary outcomes included liver fat content, enzymes, and fibrosis markers. Secondary outcomes were metabolic and inflammatory parameters.

resultsEleven RCTs (n = 3077) were included. Empagliflozin significantly reduced liver fat (MD = -3.11%; 95% CI: -4.12 to -2.11; p < 0.00001) and liver stiffness (MD = -0.43 kPa; p = 0.003), but had no significant effect on AST (-0.27 IU/L; p = 0.89) or GGT (-9.25 IU/L; p = 0.14). It significantly lowered HbA1c (-0.54%; p < 0.0001), fasting glucose (-20.89 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), weight (-2.04 kg; p < 0.0001), and waist circumference (-3.47 cm; p < 0.0001), with a nonsignificant reduction in BMI (-0.77 kg/m²; p = 0.09).Uric acid decreased (-0.41 mg/dL; p < 0.00001), but IL-6 and fibrosis scores (FIB-4, NFS) remained unchanged.

conclusionEmpagliflozin improves liver fat, stiffness, glycemic control, body weight, and uric acid in T2DM with MASLD, but its effects on fibrosis and inflammation remain uncertain. Larger, long-term histologic trials are needed to confirm these outcomes.

Indexed as

EmpagliflozinLiver fatLiver fibrosisMeta-analysisNonAlcoholic fatty liver diseaseSGLT2 inhibitorsType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41508110
PMCPMC12879374

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.