Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41508749›Full record

ReviewJournal of cosmetic dermatology2026

Targeting Melasma: Innovations in Pigment Deposition and Photoaging in Cosmetic Dermatology.

Ting Liao, Rui Luo, Ying Deng, Hongqiu Yang, Yu Du

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ting LiaoMedical Cosmetic Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6003-4642
Rui LuoDepartment of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6933-7133
Ying DengMedical Cosmetic Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-5244
Hongqiu YangMedical Cosmetic Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2162-2290
Yu DuMedical Cosmetic Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2170-5958

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMelasma is a chronic, relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder driven by complex interactions among genetic predisposition, hormonal fluctuations, UV exposure, oxidative stress, inflammation, and photoaging. Its psychosocial impact is substantial, especially among women with darker skin types, and treatment remains challenging due to its multifactorial pathogenesis and high recurrence rates.

aimsThis review aims to synthesize current knowledge on melasma pathophysiology, highlight recent innovations in topical and procedural therapies, identify limitations of existing treatments, and outline future directions toward personalized and regenerative approaches. PATIENTS/

methodsA narrative literature review was performed, summarizing findings from epidemiologic studies, molecular investigations, and clinical trials. Key topics included pigment biology, hormonal and environmental triggers, oxidative stress pathways, emerging depigmenting agents, laser and microneedling technologies, combination therapies, and advances in precision medicine.

resultsMelasma arises from dysregulated melanogenesis involving hyperactive melanocytes, hormonal stimulation, UV-induced oxidative stress, dermal inflammation, fibroblast senescence, and pigmentary incontinence. Innovations include non-hydroquinone brighteners (e.g., thiamidol, melasyl), antioxidants, tranexamic acid, and improved topical delivery systems. Procedural advances-such as low-fluence picosecond lasers, fractional CO

conclusionsMelasma management is evolving toward multi-target, combination-based strategies addressing pigmentation, inflammation, and photoaging simultaneously. Emerging regenerative technologies, biomarker-driven personalization, and AI-assisted assessment hold promise for improving long-term outcomes, though standardized protocols and long-term safety data are still needed.

Indexed as

Cosmetic TechniquesMelanosisAdministration, CutaneousCombined Modality TherapyDermatologic AgentsHumansOxidative StressPrecision MedicineSkin AgingSkin Lightening PreparationsSkin PigmentationDermatologic AgentsSkin Lightening Preparationshormonal influenceslaser therapymelasmaphotoagingpigmentationtopical treatmentsUV exposure

Identifiers

PMID41508749
PMCPMC12783984

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.