Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41509982›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

Biomimetic nanovesicle with tri-pronged immune amplification for efficient photo-immunotherapy against triple-negative breast cancer.

Wenwen Wang, Junyi Shao, Yilin Wan, Sen Zhou, Yingfen Jin, Youxia Xi, Xiaolin Ji, Jingjing Liu, Jingle Wang, Chunying Li and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Wenwen WangDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Junyi ShaoDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Yilin WanInstitute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
Sen ZhouDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Yingfen JinDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Youxia XiDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Xiaolin JiDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Jingjing LiuDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Jingle WangDepartment of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
Chunying LiDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Zhiming LiDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The limited response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is driven by both low intrinsic immunogenicity and a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation is a significant strategy to remodel the immunosuppressive TME by improving dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and M1-like macrophage polarization. However, the clinical translation of STING agonists is hampered by insufficient delivery efficiency. Herein, we integrate the 2',3'-cGAMP, a kind of cyclic dinucleotide (CDN), with indocyanine green (ICG) into PD-1 overexpressed cell membrane vesicles (named as CDN@PM-ICG) for photo-immunotherapy. After systemic administration, CDN@PM-ICG nanovesicles accumulated at tumor region through high-affinity binding to PD-L1 overexpressed on neoplastic cells, effectively inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and potentiating localized STING agonist delivery. Upon laser irradiation, ICG-mediated phototherapy induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), thereby elevating tumor immunogenicity and liberating damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Subsequently, the released DAMPs, in combination with the STING activation, synergistically induces the maturation of DCs and promote the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward the M1-like phenotype. This tri-pronged ICB/ICD/STING modulation paradigm augments cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltration and ultimately inhibits tumor progression in a TNBC mouse model.

Indexed as

cGAS-STING pathwayImmune checkpoint blockadeImmunogenic cell deathNanovesiclePhototherapy

Identifiers

PMID41509982
PMCPMC12775987

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.