ArticleResearch square2025
Validity of the Movement Behavior Questionnaire-Child (MBQ-C) Physical Activity Domain among Toddlers.
Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The Movement Behavior Questionnaire-Child (MBQ-C) is a caregiver-reported tool designed to assess 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity [PA], sleep, and screen time) in children under age 5 years who are able to walk. This study evaluated the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the MBQ-C PA domain among toddlers aged 1-2 years. Method: This ancillary study was conducted within the Child and Mother Physical Activity Study (CAMPAS), a longitudinal cohort examining early childhood PA development. Toddlers aged 1-2 years wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer on the hip for 7 consecutive days. Mothers completed the MBQ-C PA domain twice, once before and once after the wear. The domain included four items assessing time spent in active play (categorical responses from 0 minutes to > 4 hours per day) and energetic play (categorical responses from 0 minutes to > 2 hours per day) on a typical weekday and weekend day. Responses were converted to minutes per day using the midpoints of categorical ranges. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Convergent validity was examined using Spearman correlations between MBQ-C-derived and accelerometer-derived PA metrics. Results: A total of 71 toddler-mother dyads were included in analysis (child age = 24 ± 4 months; range = 16-34 months). The proportions of respondents reporting "0 minutes" on the four MBQ-C PA items ranged from 0-10%. No respondents reported the highest response to any MBQ-C PA items, indicating no to minimal floor and ceiling effects. Accelerometer-derived mean acceleration was 21.0 ± 4.5 m Conclusion: Among toddlers aged 1-2 years, the MBQ-C PA domain demonstrated poor to moderate test-retest reliability and very low convergent validity relative to accelerometer-derived PA measures. These findings underscore the challenges of accurately capturing toddlers' PA through caregiver report, given the highly sporadic and unstructured nature of movement at this age.
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