Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41510644›Full record

ArticleACS biomaterials science & engineering2026

3D Osteoimmune Stem Cell Spheroids with Osteoinduction and Immunomodulation Dual Functionality for

Xifeng Liu, Kaelyn L Gasvoda, Areonna C Schreiber, Maria D Astudillo Potes, Abdelrahman M Hamouda, Hailong Li, Wenkai Li, Asghar Rezaei, Benjamin D Elder, Lichun Lu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xifeng LiuDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2684-6309
Kaelyn L GasvodaDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Areonna C SchreiberDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3376-0829
Maria D Astudillo PotesDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Abdelrahman M HamoudaDepartment of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Hailong LiDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Wenkai LiDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Asghar RezaeiDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Benjamin D ElderDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Lichun LuDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3862-6493

Funding

Metastatic Spine Tumors: Minimally Invasive Fracture Risk Analysis and Treatment - MasterR01AR056212 · NIAMS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Benjamin D Elder, Lichun Lu · 2008 to 2026
$6.2M
Injectable and Moldable Composite Bone Scaffolds for Spinal FusionR01AR075037 · NIAMS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI ELDER, BENJAMIN D, LU, LICHUN · 2019 to 2023
$2.5M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR056212NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR075037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Effective bone regeneration requires not only robust osteoinduction but also precise immunomodulation to orchestrate the complex healing process. In this study, we present a strategy for engineering multifunctional three-dimensional (3D) stem cell spheroids (Sphe-BP-IL4-BMP2) by integrating black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets coloaded with interleukin-4 (IL-4) together with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). BP nanosheets served as a biodegradable scaffold and a delivery vehicle, enabling sustained release of rhBMP-2 and IL-4 to enhance osteogenic differentiation and to promote anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, respectively. The resulting spheroids exhibited a well-defined morphology, enhanced cell viability, and uniform BP nanosheet distribution. The

Indexed as

ImmunomodulationOsteogenesisSpheroids, CellularStem CellsTissue EngineeringAnimalsBone Morphogenetic Protein 2Bone RegenerationCell DifferentiationHumansInterleukin-4MacrophagesRatsRecombinant ProteinsTissue ScaffoldsTransforming Growth Factor betaBone Morphogenetic Protein 2Interleukin-4recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2Recombinant ProteinsTransforming Growth Factor betabone regenerationimmunomodulationspheroidsstem cellstwo-dimensional materials

Identifiers

PMID41510644
PMCPMC13393229

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.