Evidence mapPaperPMID 41511818Full record

ArticleUnited European gastroenterology journal2026

Higher Risk of Serious Infection in Offspring of Mothers With Biopsy-Proven MASLD: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Carole A Marxer, Fahim Ebrahimi, David Bergman, Jiangwei Sun, Hannes Hagström, Marcus Thuresson, Olof Stephansson, Jonas F Ludvigsson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in United European gastroenterology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Carole A MarxerDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-8223
Fahim EbrahimiDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
David BergmanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jiangwei SunDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-684X
Hannes HagströmDivision of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-1759
Marcus ThuressonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Olof StephanssonDepartment of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1528-4563
Jonas F LudvigssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-5602

Funding

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung P500PM_210866Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung P500PM_217670
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been linked to an increased risk of serious infection, but the impact of in utero exposure to maternal MASLD on the risk of infection in offspring remains unknown.

methodsThis nationwide cohort study included all singleton live born offspring exposed in utero to maternal biopsy-proven MASLD (1992-2017) in Sweden. Offspring born to mothers with MASLD (N = 239) were matched with up to five reference offspring (N = 1131) of mothers without MASLD by maternal age at delivery, calendar year of delivery, and parity. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for incident serious infection up until 2023. Results were also stratified by maternal histological severity of MASLD (simple steatosis vs. severe MASLD including steatohepatitis, any stage of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis).

resultsOver a median of 16.7 years of follow-up, 56 incident serious infections occurred in MASLD offspring (incidence rate [IR] 15.8/1000 person-years) and 140 incident serious infections occurred in reference offspring (IR 7.4/1000 person-years), which corresponded to an aHR of 1.81 (95% CI 1.23-2.68). The aHRs for incident serious infection were similar to offspring of mothers with simple steatosis and severe MASLD (1.97 vs. 1.70). This association was primarily explained by early-life infections (1-year aHR 3.11, 95% CI 1.74-5.58), with severe MASLD potentially being a major factor in the observed association during the first year. Results remained consistent across subgroups. DISCUSSION: Maternal MASLD, even simple steatosis, is associated with a higher hazard of serious offspring infection, highlighting the need for closer monitoring.

Indexed as

InfectionsNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseasePregnancy ComplicationsPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsAdultBiopsyCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceLiverMalePregnancyRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexSwedenepidemiologyinfectionsMASLDNAFLDpediatrics

Identifiers

PMID41511818
PMCPMC12787312

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.