ArticlePloS one2026
Global burden and projections of cervical cancer attributable to unsafe sex and smoking, 1990-2034.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo analyze global trends and attributable risks (smoking and unsafe sex) in disease burden of cervical cancer from 1990 to 2034, considering different sociodemographic index (SDI) levels.
methodsData from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study was utilized. Quantile regression, restricted cubic spline, and Nordpred models were applied to analyze the relationship between cervical cancer age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), age-standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years rates (ASDRs) and SDI, and predicted future trends.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2019, global cervical cancer ASMR declined but the total deaths increased. Unsafe sex accounted for the highest disease burden, particularly in low-SDI regions, followed by smoking. By 2034, ASMR attributed to unsafe sex and smoking is projected to further decrease globally, but an upward trend is expected in specific regions including India (unsafe sex), China (smoking) and Russian Federation (unsafe sex and smoking).
conclusionUnsafe sex is the leading risk factor for cervical cancer. Targeted strategies are needed for distinct age groups: enhanced prevention and screening for those aged 55-59 years, and optimized care for adults aged over 95 years. The key interventions, including HPV vaccination, screening, and smoking cessation programs, remain critical in low and low-middle SDI areas.
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