Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41512865›Full record

ArticleStem cell reports2026

Comparative lipidomics of iPSC-derived microglia protocols reveal lipid droplet and immune differences mediated by media composition.

Aiko Toda Robert, Amanda McQuade, Sascha J Koppes-den Hertog, Lena Erlebach, Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg, Martin Kampmann, Martin Giera, Rik van der Kant

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Stem cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aiko Toda RobertDepartment of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amanda McQuadeInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sascha J Koppes-den HertogDepartment of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lena ErlebachGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Deborah Kronenberg-VersteegGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Martin KampmannInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Martin GieraCenter for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Rik van der KantDepartment of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: r.h.n.vander.kant@vu.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Altered microglial lipid metabolism is heavily implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging. Recently, protocols were developed to generate human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (iMGL) to study microglial function in vitro, including embryoid body-based methods and induced transcription factor (iTF)-dependent approaches. Here, we performed comparative lipidomics on iMGL from these methods and report major differences in multiple lipid classes, including triglycerides (TGs), a storage form of fatty acids implicated in microglial reactivity. TGs are strongly increased in iTF microglia due to the absence of a media supplement (B-27). Supplementing iTF microglia with B-27, or its component L-carnitine, reduces TGs and promotes a homeostatic state. B-27 also renders iTF microglia metabolically responsive to immune stimuli. Overall, our data show that iMGL differentiation methods have a major impact on microglial lipidomes and warrant attention when studying AD and neuroinflammatory processes involving lipids.

Indexed as

Culture MediaInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsLipid DropletsLipidomicsMicrogliaCell DifferentiationHumansLipid MetabolismTriglyceridesCulture MediaTriglyceridesiPSClipid dropletlipid metabolismlipidomicsmicroglianeuroinflammationtriglycerides

Identifiers

PMID41512865
PMCPMC12903089

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.