Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41512866›Full record

ArticleStem cell reports2026

Differential synaptic signaling responses in human cortical organoids after photon and proton irradiation.

Yuting Jiang, Danieli Born Guerra, Daniëlle C Voshart, Eline Hageman, Luiza Reali Nazario, Marc-Jan van Goethem, Rob P Coppes, Lara Barazzuol

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Stem cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yuting JiangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Danieli Born GuerraDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Daniëlle C VoshartDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Eline HagemanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Luiza Reali NazarioDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Marc-Jan van GoethemDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, PARTREC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Rob P CoppesDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Lara BarazzuolDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: l.barazzuol@umcg.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain tumors are the most common solid cancer in children, with radiotherapy being a primary treatment. Proton therapy, with its precise dose distribution, is increasingly being used in these patients to minimize damage to the developing brain. However, the biological effects of proton irradiation on the human brain remain unclear. To investigate this, human cortical organoids were exposed to conventional photons, plateau protons, and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) protons, followed by comparative transcriptomic profiling. While photons and protons induced similar transcriptional profiles characterized by apoptosis and downregulation of DNA replication, SOBP protons uniquely downregulated genes involved in brain development and synaptic signaling. Functional calcium imaging, cell deconvolution analysis, and immunostaining indicated that SOBP protons impaired neural network function, due to reduced synaptic density and loss in excitatory neuron progenitors. These findings underscore the distinct biological effects of SOBP protons and their potential impact on the developing brain.

Indexed as

Cerebral CortexOrganoidsPhotonsProtonsSignal TransductionSynapsesApoptosisGene Expression ProfilingHumansNeural Stem CellsProtonshuman cortical organoidsneural progenitor cellspaediatric neuro-oncologyproton therapyradiotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41512866
PMCPMC12903084

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.