Evidence mapPaperPMID 41514281Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2026

Safety and neuroprotective efficacy of the VCP inhibitor ML240 in large-animal and human retinal explants: a preclinical ex vivo study.

Ana-Cristina Almansa-García, Angela Armento, Bowen Cao, Anne-Sophie Petremann-Dumé, Stefano Salmaso, Paolo Caliceti, Cristine Henes, Sylvie Bolz, Ellen Kilger, Daniela Süsskind and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ana-Cristina Almansa-GarcíaInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Angela ArmentoInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Bowen CaoInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Anne-Sophie Petremann-DuméInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Stefano SalmasoDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Paolo CalicetiDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Cristine HenesInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Sylvie BolzInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Ellen KilgerInstitute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Daniela SüsskindDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Marius Ueffing *Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Blanca Arango-Gonzalez *Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. blanca.arango-gonzalez@klinikum.uni-tuebingen.de.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft AR1432/2-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRetinal degenerative diseases represent a complex global health problem due to their significant impact on patients' daily lives and their highly heterogeneous pathogenesis, which challenges therapeutic development. Despite this complexity, many diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), share common features, including disrupted proteostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, eventually leading to photoreceptor (PR) degeneration and vision loss. The inhibition of valosin-containing protein (VCP) has emerged as a promising mutation-independent therapeutic strategy for RP. However, clinical translation requires rigorous validation in models that closely reflect human retinal physiology.

methodsOrganotypic retinal explants from porcine, macaque, and human donors were placed in an in vitro culture setup and treated with ML240, a selective VCP inhibitor, delivered either as a free compound or encapsulated in mPEG

resultsPorcine retinal explants exhibited progressive photoreceptor degeneration under ex vivo conditions. Treatment with ML240, particularly when formulated with mPEG

conclusionsVCP inhibition via ML240 demonstrates an uncompromised safety profile in porcine, macaque, and human retinal explants. In addition, the neuroprotective activity of ML240 was evident in porcine tissue. Formulation with mPEG

Indexed as

Cell Cycle ProteinsNeuroprotective AgentsRetinaValosin Containing ProteinAnimalsHumansMacacaSwineCell Cycle ProteinsNeuroprotective AgentsValosin Containing ProteinVCP protein, humanDrug deliveryHuman retinaMaculaML240NeuroprotectionPrimate retinaRetinaRetinal degenerationRetinal explantsVCP/p97

Identifiers

PMID41514281
PMCPMC12849125

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.