Evidence mapPaperPMID 41515231Full record

ArticleNutrients2025

Magnesium and Zinc Are Associated with Sleep Quality in Saudi Adults: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Sara Al-Musharaf, Madhawi M Aldhwayan, Tagreed A Mazi, Ohud Abujabir, Waad Alfawaz, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban

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Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sara Al-MusharafCommunity Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 10219, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7830-1415
Madhawi M AldhwayanCommunity Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 10219, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9228-8712
Tagreed A MaziCommunity Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 10219, Saudi Arabia.
Ohud AbujabirCommunity Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 10219, Saudi Arabia.
Waad AlfawazCommunity Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 10219, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-3414-1525
Ghadeer S AljuraibanCommunity Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 10219, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4866-5461

Funding

Ongoing Research Funding Program number, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (ORF-2025-1147-1)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies that examine magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in relation to sleep in the Middle East and North Africa are limited. We aim to assess the associations between serum and dietary Mg, Zn, and Cu levels and sleep quality in Saudi adults.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1041 adults. Sleep quality was assessed using the Arabic Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Serum mineral levels were quantified biochemically, and dietary intake information was obtained. We utilized logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios for poor sleep (PSQI-P) in relation to serum and dietary indices in a crude model and after adjustment for confounders.

resultsSerum Mg deficiency (<1.8 mg/dL) increased the odds of PSQI-P by 30% in the crude and age-adjusted models, with attenuation after further adjustment, suggesting partial mediation by lifestyle and metabolic factors. Mg deficiency was associated with PSQI-P (1.8-fold higher odds) after full adjustment. Dietary Mg levels below the DRI were independently associated with poor sleep across models. Higher serum Zn tertiles were associated with 40% lower odds of PSQI-P, and Zn deficiency (<80 µg/dL) demonstrated a three-fold independent increase in risk. Neither serum nor dietary intake levels of Cu demonstrated an association with sleep quality.

conclusionIn Saudi adults, serum and dietary Mg levels were associated with poor sleep, particularly in males, while the serum Zn concentration exhibited a modest inverse association at higher levels. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.

Indexed as

MagnesiumSleepSleep QualityZincAdultCopperCross-Sectional StudiesDietFemaleHumansMagnesium DeficiencyMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioSaudi ArabiaCopperMagnesiumZinccoppermagnesiumMiddle East and North AfricaPittsburgh Sleep Quality Indexzinc

Identifiers

PMID41515231
PMCPMC12787342

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.