Evidence mapPaperPMID 41515245Full record

ArticleNutrients2025

"What I Do Not Eat": Feeding Difficulties in Middle Childhood-An Italian Pilot Study.

Paolo Brambilla, Laura Antolini, Marco Giussani, Carlo Agostoni, Paolo Becherucci, Emanuela Malorgio, Cristiana Berti

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Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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7 authors.

Paolo BrambillaNational Board of the Società Italiana delle Cure Primarie Pediatriche, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Laura AntoliniDipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
Marco GiussaniNational Board of the Società Italiana delle Cure Primarie Pediatriche, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Carlo AgostoniPediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5006-0832
Paolo BecherucciNational Board of the Società Italiana delle Cure Primarie Pediatriche, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Emanuela MalorgioNational Board of the Società Italiana delle Cure Primarie Pediatriche, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Cristiana BertiPediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Funding

Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesFeeding difficulties in childhood can persist over time, affecting health and family dynamics. Timely identification is crucial to prevent atypical eating behaviors and nutrition-related consequences. However, data on childhood feeding difficulties remain limited. This study provides the first pilot characterization of eating behaviors among Italian children aged 5-11 years in order to characterize feeding difficulties, identify protective or detrimental factors, and assess relationships with anthropometric indices or blood pressure.

methodsIn 2023, a 1-year cross-sectional pilot study was launched by the Società Italiana delle Cure Primarie Pediatriche involving child-parent dyads. Family pediatricians collected anthropometric data and blood pressure, after which parents completed an online questionnaire purposely developed for this study. The questionnaire generated a feeding difficulty score (0-10) where higher values reflected greater risk of atypical eating behaviors. Scores were categorized as follows: low risk (0-1), intermediate risk (2-6), and high risk (7-10).

resultsA total of 742 questionnaires were collected. Overall, 19.8% of the children were categorized as high risk (7-10) for atypical behavior, 43.8% as intermediate risk (2-6), and 36.4% as low risk (0-1). Children with two omnivorous parents showed significantly lower odds of feeding difficulty scores at or above any threshold (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.71;

conclusionsA significant proportion of Italian children aged 5-11 years exhibited moderate to severe risk of atypical behaviors. Parental eating appears to play a key role in shaping children's eating behaviors in middle childhood, underscoring the pivotal role of pediatricians in guiding families. Further research and targeted strategies are needed to prevent childhood feeding difficulties.

Indexed as

Child BehaviorFeeding BehaviorChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansItalyMaleParentsPilot ProjectsRisk FactorsSurveys and Questionnairesanthropometryblood pressureearly life feeding practicesfamily pediatricianfeeding difficultiesmiddle childhoodparents’ eating

Identifiers

PMID41515245
PMCPMC12787566

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