Cortical Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Exercise Training in Post-Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Farhan Yousaf, Sean Kao, Shahid Ishaq, Shin-Da Lee

Abstract readSystematic Review

In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Farhan YousafDepartment of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 110122, Taiwan.ORCID 0009-0005-6828-2993

Sean KaoDepartment of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-6674-125X

Shahid IshaqPhD Program in Healthcare Science, College of Healthcare Science, China Medical University, Taichung 110122, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-2108-2151

Shin-Da LeeDepartment of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 110122, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-8393-8349

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes cortical dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysregulation, and impairing neurotrophic signaling and neurogenesis. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise training on cortical molecular dysregulation and motor function in post-TBI. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched up to August 2025. Of 1173 records, 35 studies involving exercise training in post-TBI animal models were included. Exercise training protocols included voluntary wheel running, treadmill running, and swimming, with durations ranging from 7 to 63 days. Study quality was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. Exercise training increased cortical glutathione and Na

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticCerebral CortexExercise TherapyNeuroprotectionPhysical Conditioning, AnimalAnimalsApoptosisDisease Models, AnimalHumansNeurogenesisOxidative Stressaerobic exercisecerebral cortexneurorehabilitationTBI

Identifiers

PMID41515929

DOI10.3390/ijms27010052

PMCPMC12785403

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.