Evidence mapPaperPMID 41516014Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Inflammation as a Prognostic Marker in Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Sihle E Mabhida, Haskly Mokoena, Mamakase G Sello, Cindy George, Musawenkosi Ndlovu, Thabsile Mabi, Sisa Martins, Innocent S Ndlovu, Onyemaechi Azu, André P Kengne and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sihle E MabhidaNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-8388-132X
Haskly MokoenaDepartment of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-9054-7242
Mamakase G SelloDepartment of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.ORCID 0009-0007-1041-7941
Cindy GeorgeNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4561-0529
Musawenkosi NdlovuNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Thabsile MabiNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-9735-9057
Sisa MartinsNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.ORCID 0009-0003-4697-4476
Innocent S NdlovuNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Onyemaechi AzuDepartment of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-0916-7184
André P KengneNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5183-131X
Zandile J MchizaNon-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-2515-9184

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKMS) represents the intricate interconnection of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders, with systemic inflammation now recognized as a key driver of both pathogenesis and prognosis. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with CKMS. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted to identify studies published between 1 January 2024 and 30 June 2025, following the recognition of CKMS as a distinct syndrome in December 2023. Eligible studies included adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with CKMS, that assesses one or more inflammatory markers and reported prognostic outcomes such as mortality or disease progression. Data extracted included study characteristics, biomarker types, outcome measures, and key findings. In addition to longitudinal cohorts, we included a small number of cross-sectional studies and treated them as association (non-prognostic) evidence analyzed in a separate stream from prognostic cohorts. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool. Due to considerable variability in prognostic outcomes, follow-up durations, and inflammatory indices, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Instead, a narrative synthesis was undertaken to summarize the evidence, identify consistent associations, and emphasize the need for standardized approaches and biomarker validation in future CKMS research. Analysis was conducted in line with the SWiM guidelines. Thirteen studies (

Indexed as

BiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesInflammationMetabolic SyndromeHumansPrognosisBiomarkersbiomarkersCKMSinflammationmortalityprognosissystemic inflammation

Identifiers

PMID41516014
PMCPMC12785973

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.