Evidence mapPaperPMID 41516301Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Vascular Complications of Long COVID-From Endothelial Dysfunction to Systemic Thrombosis: A Systematic Review.

Maja Stojanovic, Marko Djuric, Irina Nenadic, Suzana Bojic, Ana Andrijevic, Aleksa Popovic, Slobodan Pesic

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Delayed mycotic aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. COVID-19 and Diabetes: Clinical Symptoms, Acute Kidney Injury, Inflammatory Response, and Poor Prognosis Factors.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Observational
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maja StojanovicClinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0001-8595-0854
Marko DjuricClinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-8432-9887
Irina NenadicClinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0001-7852-9949
Suzana BojicFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0003-2938-9585
Ana AndrijevicClinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
Aleksa PopovicClinic for Vascular Surgery, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
Slobodan PesicClinic for Vascular Surgery, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-3219-1396

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated not only with respiratory illness but also with profound vascular and coagulation disturbances. Long COVID (LC) is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive impairment, and palpitations. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 induces direct endothelial injury, promotes a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, and activates platelets, leading to immunothrombosis and impaired fibrinolysis. Consequently, patients exhibit microthrombosis, elevated plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen dysregulation, and persistent hypercoagulability. Clinically, this translates into an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, as well as arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which may persist months after acute infection. Understanding the interplay between endothelial injury, inflammation, and coagulation is crucial for risk stratification and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. We conducted a systematic narrative review of the literature, including human clinical and mechanistic studies identified through PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to 30 September 2025. This review synthesizes current evidence on vascular complications in LC, highlighting endothelial dysfunction as a central pathophysiological nexus linking the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection with chronic LC manifestations.

Indexed as

COVID-19Endothelium, VascularThrombosisHumansSARS-CoV-2antiphospholipid antibodiescoagulopathyCOVID-19cytokine stormendothelial dysfunctionLong COVIDsystemic inflammationvascular dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID41516301
PMCPMC12786942

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.