ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Cytokine Profiles in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Potential Pathophysiological Link.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Unravelling Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis and Therapeutics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrated bioinformatics and mendelian randomization reveal a six-gene diagnostic signature and key role of CYP26B1 in sarcopenia.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sarcopenia is highly prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (CHF), yet the underlying immunometabolic mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inflammatory cytokines, and body-composition alterations may jointly contribute to the development of muscle dysfunction in this population. In this cross-sectional study, 80 patients with CKD and CHF underwent comprehensive clinical, biochemical, bioimpedance, inflammatory, and SCFA profiling. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Multivariable logistic regression, LASSO feature selection, correlation analysis, PCA, and Random Forest modeling were used to identify key determinants of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was present in 39 (49%) participants. Patients with sarcopenia exhibited significantly lower body fat percentage, reduced ASM, and slower gait speed. Hexanoic acid (C6) showed an independent positive association with sarcopenia (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.08-5.37), while IL-8 showed an inverse association with sarcopenia (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.13-0.94), indicating that lower IL-8 levels were more frequently observed in individuals with sarcopenia. Correlation heatmaps revealed distinct SCFA-cytokine coupling patterns depending on sarcopenia status, with stronger pro-inflammatory clustering in C6-associated networks. The final multivariable model integrating SCFAs, cytokines, and body-composition metrics achieved excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.911) and good calibration. Sarcopenia in CKD-CHF patients represents a systemic immunometabolic disorder characterized by altered body composition, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated SCFA signaling. Hexanoic acid (C6) and IL-8 may serve as informative biomarkers of muscle decline. These findings support the use of multidimensional assessment and highlight potential targets for personalized nutritional, microbiota-modulating, and rehabilitative interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.