Evidence mapPaperPMID 41517282Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025

Cardiac CT in Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (NOCAD): A Literature Review.

Sofia Meossi, Carmen Izzo, Laura Rotondo, Giorgio Sciaramenti, Edoardo Menzato, Beatrice Dal Passo, Renè Tezze, Federica Frascaro, Elisabetta Tonet, Federico Marchini and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sofia MeossiCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
Carmen IzzoCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0009-0000-5695-9147
Laura RotondoCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-1438-775X
Giorgio SciaramentiCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
Edoardo MenzatoCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0009-0001-3438-5696
Beatrice Dal PassoCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5515-853X
Renè TezzeCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
Federica FrascaroCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-3166-0542
Elisabetta TonetCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
Federico MarchiniCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2622-4881
Gianluca CampoCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5150-188X
Rita PavasiniCardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1763-9711

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of conditions in which patients present with angina, ischemia or myocardial infarction despite the absence of obstructive epicardial stenoses. This spectrum includes myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and angina or ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA), entities increasingly recognized as clinically significant and associated with adverse outcomes. Advances in cardiac computed tomography (CT) have expanded the diagnostic capabilities beyond the exclusion of obstructive coronary artery disease, enabling comprehensive anatomical, functional and tissue-level assessment relevant to NOCAD. CT allows precise identification of non-obstructive atherosclerosis, high-risk plaque features, myocardial bridging and structural vascular remodelling. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of plaque burden correlates with ischemic risk and provides prognostic information that complements traditional stenosis-based evaluation. Emerging CT-derived biomarkers, such as pericoronary fat attenuation index and epicardial adipose tissue metrics, offer insight into vascular inflammation and microvascular dysfunction, key mechanisms in NOCAD. Functional CT techniques, such as CT-derived fractional flow reserve and CT perfusion imaging, enable non-invasive assessment of hemodynamic significance and microvascular impairment, although their routine use is limited by methodological variability and evolving clinical evidence. Beyond coronary evaluation, CT also provides myocardial tissue characterization, detects extracardiac causes of symptoms and contributes to comprehensive differential diagnosis. Despite its strengths, cardiac CT remains limited by spatial resolution, radiation exposure and its inability to directly visualize the microcirculation. Nevertheless, ongoing technological refinement and integration of computational modelling are likely to enhance its diagnostic and prognostic role.

Indexed as

CADcardiac CTNOCADnon obstructive coronary artery disease

Identifiers

PMID41517282
PMCPMC12786839

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.