Evidence mapPaperPMID 41518393Full record

Observational studyJournal of neurology2026

Two-year OCT follow-up in multiple sclerosis patients on Ofatumumab shows retinal preservation over non-antiCD20 treatments.

Giacomo Greco, Giovanni Della Porta, Francesco Masi, Chiara Redemagni, Lara Ahmad, Eduardo Caverzasi, Roberto Bergamaschi, Michele Terzaghi, Matteo Gastaldi, Eleonora Rigoni and 3 more

Abstract readObservational Study
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In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Giacomo GrecoMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Giovanni Della PortaMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Francesco MasiMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Chiara RedemagniMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Lara AhmadMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Eduardo CaverzasiDepartment of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Roberto BergamaschiMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Michele TerzaghiDepartment of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Matteo GastaldiNeuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Eleonora RigoniMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Anna PichiecchioDepartment of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Elena ColomboMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy. elena.colombo@mondino.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-5055
Eleonora TavazziMultiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOptical coherence tomography (OCT) can detect neuroaxonal loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) reflecting neurodegeneration. Ofatumumab (OMB), a subcutaneous anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated efficacy against inflammatory activity, though its neuroprotective potential is less established. This study aimed to assess longitudinal OCT changes in MS patients treated with OMB compared to those receiving non-anti-CD20 disease-modifying treatments (DMTs).

methodsThis longitudinal observational study included relapsing-remitting MS patients initiating Ofatumumab, with OCT and EDSS assessments at baseline and 24 months, compared with a retrospective control group on non-anti-CD20 DMTs. Eyes with prior optic neuritis were excluded. Longitudinal GCL thickness was analyzed using a nested linear mixed-effects model, including random intercepts for patients and eyes nested within patients and multivariate linear regression adjusting for baseline characteristics.

resultsWe analyzed 85 eyes from 47 patients (OMB: 46 eyes; control: 39 eyes). Baseline GCL was lower in OMB patients, who also had longer disease duration and higher EDSS. Over 24 months, GCL remained stable in OMB patients (+ 0.28 µm/year; p = 0.06), while controls showed significant thinning (- 0.99 µm/year; p < 0.001). In the adjusted multivariate regression model including age, sex, baseline GCL, EDSS, and disease duration, treatment with OMB was independently associated with reduced GCL loss (β = 2.41 µm/year, 95% CI 1.38-3.43, p < 0.001).

conclusionsOMB treatment was associated with significant retinal preservation, independent of baseline differences and confounders. These results suggest a potential neuroprotective effect of B-cell depletion in MS and support the utility of OCT as a sensitive biomarker for treatment monitoring.

Indexed as

Antibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedImmunologic FactorsMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingRetinaTomography, Optical CoherenceAdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRetinal Ganglion CellsRetrospective StudiesAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedImmunologic FactorsofatumumabAnti-CD20BiomarkersMultiple sclerosisNeurodegenerationNeuroprotectionOCT

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.