ArticleApoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death2026
Phillyrin promotes flap survival by mitigating pyroptosis through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Article in Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immunological drivers of oxidative stress in glaucoma: implications for antioxidant therapy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFlap transplantation is a widely used for wound reconstruction but continues to carry a substantial risk of postoperative necrosis. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of phillyrin for improving flap survival and elucidated its underlying pharmacological mechanisms.
methodsIn vivo, a McFarlane flap model was established on the dorsal skin of rats. Animals were assigned to four groups: control, low-dose (17.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal [i.p.]), medium-dose (35 mg/kg/day, i.p.), and high-dose (70 mg/kg/day, i.p.) phillyrin. At 7 days postoperatively, we evaluated flap survival, blood perfusion, oxidative stress, cytokine expression, toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3) axis activity, and pyroptosis. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation or lipopolysaccharide/nigericin models, to investigate the protective effects of phillyrin against inflammation-related pyroptotic injury.
resultsPhillyrin improved flap survival, significantly enhanced local blood perfusion, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and mitigated oxidative stress. Its mechanism of action is closely associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis: phillyrin significantly downregulated pathway activity, reduced cytokines secretion, and decreased the expression of pyroptosis-related effector proteins. In vitro, phillyrin demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptotic cytoprotective effects in H/R and inflammatory injury models by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.
conclusionPhillyrin improves flap survival by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, suppressing excessive inflammation and alleviating ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Indexed as
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41518527What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.