Evidence mapPaperPMID 41520491Full record

ArticleTranslational oncology2026

CTSB-positive tumor-associated macrophages shape prognosis and therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma.

Caiqiang Zhu, Liang Liang, Ning Xue, Dan Mei, Meng Tian, Zhaoyue Zhang, Xinchen Sun, Xiaofeng Ding

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Article in Translational oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Caiqiang ZhuDepartment of Oncology, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Liang LiangDepartment of Oncology, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Ning XueDepartment of Oncology, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Dan MeiDepartment of Clinical Research Coordination, Nanjing Yuzhong Medical Consulting Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.
Meng TianDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Zhaoyue ZhangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China.
Xinchen SunDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: sunxinchen1919@163.com.
Xiaofeng DingDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: dingxf0114@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a major clinical challenge in assessment of clinical outcomes and therapeutic response. Although tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known as crucial regulators of tumor progression, their heterogeneity and prognostic relevance in LUAD have not been fully elucidated.

methodsThe heterogeneity of TAMs was detected by integration analyses of single-cell data and spatial transcriptome data. The CTSB

resultsSingle-cell analysis identified CTSB⁺ TAM as a crucial player in LUAD progression with poor prognosis. The spatial co-localization of CTSB⁺ TAMs and tumor cells was confirmed on LUAD slides. Our proposed CTRS was generated and validated in four independent LUAD cohorts, with high scores indicating unfavorable outcomes Furthermore, high CTRS scores were correlated with immunosuppressive status, and poor responses to immune checkpoint blockade. Functional experiments demonstrated the role of CTSB

conclusionOur research develops CTRS with reliable performance in evaluating patient clinical outcomes in LUAD, highlighting its potential utility in clinical decision-making.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCTSBImmunotherapy responseLung adenocarcinomaTumor-associated macrophages

Identifiers

PMID41520491
PMCPMC12903197

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.