ArticleTranslational oncology2026
CTSB-positive tumor-associated macrophages shape prognosis and therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma.
Article in Translational oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a major clinical challenge in assessment of clinical outcomes and therapeutic response. Although tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known as crucial regulators of tumor progression, their heterogeneity and prognostic relevance in LUAD have not been fully elucidated.
methodsThe heterogeneity of TAMs was detected by integration analyses of single-cell data and spatial transcriptome data. The CTSB
resultsSingle-cell analysis identified CTSB⁺ TAM as a crucial player in LUAD progression with poor prognosis. The spatial co-localization of CTSB⁺ TAMs and tumor cells was confirmed on LUAD slides. Our proposed CTRS was generated and validated in four independent LUAD cohorts, with high scores indicating unfavorable outcomes Furthermore, high CTRS scores were correlated with immunosuppressive status, and poor responses to immune checkpoint blockade. Functional experiments demonstrated the role of CTSB
conclusionOur research develops CTRS with reliable performance in evaluating patient clinical outcomes in LUAD, highlighting its potential utility in clinical decision-making.
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