ArticleJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2026
Improvement in Maternal Diet Quality Across Pregnancy Is Associated With Lower Gestational Weight Gain in Women With Obesity From the Illinois Kids Development Study.
Article in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Dietary guidelines adherence and pregnancy exposure to 10 classes of priority chemicals: an observational study in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Observational
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is unclear how dietary patterns are associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) because prior studies focused on individual foods and did not consider diet at multiple timepoints.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate associations between changes in diet quality across pregnancy with GWG.
designThis secondary data analysis included women from the Illinois Kids Development Study, a longitudinal prospective cohort. PARTICIPANTS/
settingParticipants were 380 women recruited from 2013 through 2018 from obstetric clinics in Champaign-Urbana, IL, who were followed through delivery.
main outcome measuresAt median 13 and 35 weeks of gestation, participants completed 3-month semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires to calculate the Healthy Eating Index 2015 and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, excluding alcohol. Change in diet quality was calculated by subtracting diet quality scores at 13 weeks from those at 35 weeks. Gestational age- and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI)-specific GWG z scores were calculated using weight before pregnancy and at a median 38 weeks of gestation along with an international reference chart. Using prepregnancy BMI (calculated as kg / m STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Covariate-adjusted linear regression models accounting for total energy intake evaluated associations of improvement in Healthy Eating Index 2015 or Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 across pregnancy with GWG z scores. Differences by prepregnancy BMI were also explored.
resultsIn women with obesity (who drove overall associations), each 10-point improvement in Healthy Eating Index 2015 across pregnancy was associated with -0.55 (95% CI, -0.82 to -0.27) lower GWG z scores due to decreased refined grains intake and increased seafood and plant proteins intake. A similar relationship was observed when considering the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (β = -0.48; 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.15) due to higher nuts and legumes intake.
conclusionsAccounting for energy intake, diet quality improvement across pregnancy was associated with lower GWG z scores, particularly in women with obesity. Future studies may consider the implications of these findings for maternal and child health.
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