Evidence mapPaperPMID 41521023Full record

Trial reportJournal of diabetes2026

Effects of Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy Combined With Oral Hypoglycemic Agents for Inducing Remission in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Weijian Ke, Liehua Liu, Pengyuan Zhang, Li Yan, Qian Zhang, Fan Zhang, Xuejuan Xu, Juan Liu, Lijuan Xu, Xuesi Wan and 5 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Weijian KeDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Liehua LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-4538
Pengyuan ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Li YanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Qian ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Fan ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
Xuejuan XuDepartment of Endocrinology, The First People Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.
Juan LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Lijuan XuDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Xuesi WanDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Hai LiDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Xiaopei CaoDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Haipeng XiaoDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4188-336X
Melissa S PutmanDiabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Yanbing LiDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-9210

Funding

Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Programthe Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province 2019B020230001the National Key R&D Program of China 2018YFC1314100the National Natural Science Fund of China 81800716the National Natural Science Fund of China 81870557the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 202002020053the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 2023A04J2190
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo investigate the effects of combining oral hypoglycemic agents with short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on glycemic outcomes in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn this multicenter, open-label trial, 245 participants were randomized to three treatment arms: SIIT for 2 weeks (CSII group), SIIT plus 90-day metformin and pioglitazone (CSII + Met + Pio group), or SIIT plus 90-day sitagliptin (CSII + Sita group). The primary outcome was the 12-month diabetes remission rate. Parameters of glycemic control, β-cell function, and insulin resistance were compared among groups.

resultsThe participants had a mean HbA1c of 10.6% ± 2.2%. Compared to the CSII group, both combination groups had lower total daily and pre-meal bolus insulin requirements with higher time in tight target range (TITR) during SIIT, and had significantly greater acute insulin response (AIR) after SIIT. Three months post SIIT, more participants in the CSII + Met + Pio group (78.7%, 59/75) achieved HbA1c < 6.5% compared with the CSII group (59.0%, 46/78; adjusted p < 0.05), but the 12-month diabetes remission rates were similar (p = 0.972).

conclusionsOral hypoglycemic agents facilitated SIIT implementation and enhanced transient improvements in glycemic control. However, similar 12-month diabetes remission rates suggest prolonged sequential therapy may be needed for sustained glycemic benefit.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinAdministration, OralAdultAgedBlood GlucoseDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMetforminMiddle AgedPioglitazoneRemission InductionBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMetforminPioglitazoneSitagliptin Phosphatecontinuous subcutaneous insulin infusionmetforminpioglitazoneshort‐term intensive insulin therapysitagliptintype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41521023
PMCPMC12790882

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.