Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41521249›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant potential of Phlomoides rotata essential oils.

Zheng Pan, Chen Xie, Jie Luo, Wanting Zhong, Xiaotong Yan, Yongmei Su, Anwar Ul Haq, Nasir Mehmood Khan, Shujaat Ahmad, Muhammad Esa and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zheng PanCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Chen XieCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Jie LuoCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Wanting ZhongCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Xiaotong YanCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Yongmei SuCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Anwar Ul HaqDepartment of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan.
Nasir Mehmood KhanDepartment of Agriculture, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan.
Shujaat AhmadDepartment of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan.
Muhammad EsaDepartment of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan.
Jian WangSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China. wangjian@cqctcm.edu.cn.

Funding

Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0310Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau and Chongqing Education Commission CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0046National Natural Science Foundation of China 81973567
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The antioxidant properties and characteristic metabolites of Phlomoides rotata (P. rotata) essential oils (EOs) remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, we combined metabolomic profiling with in vitro antioxidant assays to systematically characterize EOs from P. rotata. Cryoprecipitation of EOs yielded two fractions: crystals (Crs) and crystal-free EOs (CEs). GC-MS identified 125 components (84.41-94.86%), including 94 first reports in P. rotata. Dominant constituents were long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs, 42.33-75.73%) and their esters (3.44-15.21%), notably palmitic acid (14.49-63.13%), myristic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and methyl palmitate. Eleven norisoprenoids, including trans-β-damascenone, were discovered-a fivefold increase from previously reported diversity-with their biosynthetic pathways elucidated. Eleven chemical markers were established, encompassing geraniol, linalool, trans-β-damascenone, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, palmitic acid, α-terpineol, myristic acid, phytol, linoleic acid, oleic acid and methyl palmitate. Palmitic acid, myristic acid, methyl palmitate, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone showed negligible or pro-oxidative activity. Linoleic acid, oleic acid, trans-β-damascenone, and phytol exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant effects, especially phytol. CEs exhibited significantly stronger antioxidant capacity in both DPPH and ABTS assays compared to EOs and Crs. Palmitic acid depletion in CEs was identified as a critical factor driving enhanced antioxidant performance. This study not only establishes P. rotata EOs as a rich source of phytol-based antioxidants but also deciphers the dual roles of LCFAs, providing a foundation for developing natural antioxidants.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsLamiaceaeOils, VolatilePhytochemicalsFatty AcidsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryPalmitic AcidAntioxidantsFatty AcidsOils, VolatilePalmitic AcidPhytochemicalsAntioxidant activitiesBiosynthesisCharacteristic metabolitesEssential oilsNorisoprenoidsPhlomoides rotata (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Mathiesen (Lamiophlomis rotata)

Identifiers

PMID41521249
PMCPMC12876950

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.