Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41521254›Full record

ReviewNano-micro letters2026

Rational Design and Functionalization of Melt Electrowritten 4D Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications.

Yanping Zhang, Fengqiang Zhao, Aike Qiao, Youjun Liu, Menglin Chen

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nano-micro letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yanping ZhangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Chemical and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China. yanping@bjut.edu.cn.
Fengqiang ZhaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Chemical and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
Aike QiaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Chemical and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China. qak@bjut.edu.cn.
Youjun LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Chemical and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China. lyjlma@bjut.edu.cn.
Menglin ChenDepartment of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. menglin@bce.au.dk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melt electrowriting (MEW) enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale, allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds. By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or functional fillers, MEW-based 4D printing creates scaffolds capable of undergoing controlled, reversible shape transformations in response to external stimuli over time. These dynamic 4D scaffolds can be tailored for minimally invasive delivery, remote actuation, and real-time responsiveness to physiological environments, making them highly relevant for biomedical applications. This review systematically elucidates the principles of MEW-based 4D printing, including material considerations, actuation methods, and structure design strategies, along with shape programming and morphing mechanisms. The versatility of MEW for rational fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds is firstly introduced. Subsequently, the critical elements underpinning MEW-based 4D printing process are overviewed, including an analysis of stimuli-responsive materials compatible with MEW, an evaluation of applicable external stimuli, and a discussion on the advancements in design strategies for 4D scaffolds. Recent progress of MEW 4D scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering, biomedical implants, and drug delivery systems are highlighted. Finally, key challenges and perspectives toward material innovation, fabrication optimization, and actuation control are discussed. This review aims to provide valuable insights for design and creation of multifunctional biomimetic dynamic scaffolds by MEW-based 4D printing.

Indexed as

4D printingBiomedical applicationsDynamic biomimetic scaffoldsMelt electrowriting (MEW)

Identifiers

PMID41521254
PMCPMC12791112

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.