Evidence mapPaperPMID 41521288Full record

ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2026

Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose dapagliflozin-pioglitazone in Indian adults with type 2 diabetes: a phase 3 PRO-1 trial.

Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Krishna G Seshadri, A G Unnikrishnan, Jothydev Kesavadev, Sanjay Kalra, Shashank R Joshi, Kaushik Pandit, Rakesh K Sahay, Vijay K Panikar, Ambrish Mithal and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Awadhesh Kumar SinghG.D. Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. drawadheshkumarsingh@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-4536
Krishna G SeshadriDiabetes and Endocrine Clinic and Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-7110
A G UnnikrishnanChellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-9639
Jothydev KesavadevJothydev's Diabetes Research Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-6391
Sanjay KalraBharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-121X
Shashank R JoshiLilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-5821
Kaushik PanditInstitute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research / SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-2659
Rakesh K SahayOsmania Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-0695
Vijay K PanikarLilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-7785-8311
Ambrish MithalMax Healthcare , New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-3212
Smriti GadiaUSV Private Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-4903-7144
Thamburaj AnthuvanUSV Private Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-0756-2089

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo assess the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin and pioglitazone versus a loose combination (LC) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus inadequately controlled on earlier metformin containing mono therapy. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis 12-week PRO-1 study was a randomized, open-label, multicenter phase 3 trial that enrolled 180 Indian adults with T2DM, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7.5% to 10% inadequately controlled with metformin. The participants received once-daily FDC (dapagliflozin 10 mg/pioglitazone 15 mg) or equivalent LC therapy (1:1 randomization). The primary endpoint was the HbA1c change (non-inferiority margin, 0.3). The secondary endpoints included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), and HbA1c < 7.5%.

resultsAt week 12, the least-squares mean HbA1c reduction was − 1.20% (FDC) versus − 1.02% (LC). A between-group difference of − 0.18% (95% CI: −0.56 to 0.20) demonstrated non-inferiority. FPG decreased by − 8.6 mg/dL (FDC) and − 12.0 mg/dL (LC); PPG decreased by − 28.2 mg/dL and − 29.5 mg/dL, respectively. Target HbA1c < 7.5% was achieved in 52.9% (FDC) versus 54.8% (LC) of patients. (mITT population; p = 0.877). Both regimens were generally well tolerated; adverse events were more frequent with the fixed-dose combination than with the loose combination (8.9% versus 1.1%, p = 0.034), but were mild and self-limiting, with no serious events, hypoglycemia, or treatment discontinuation in either group.

conclusionsThe fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and pioglitazone was non inferior to separate administration with respect to glycemic efficacy in Indian adults with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving metformin, with a favorable and comparable safety profile.

trial registrationCTRI/2024/09/073221.

Indexed as

DapagliflozinFixed-dose combinationGlycemic controlIndiaPioglitazonePRO-1 trialType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41521288
PMCPMC13227621

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.