Evidence mapPaperPMID 41521294Full record

ArticleCell communication and signaling : CCS2026

NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury.

Liang Liu, Bingyou Yuan, Yuhua Wang, Jianpeng Liu, Peiyu Li, Haifeng Zhang, Xian Zhang, Jianhao Wang, Yan Chai, Quanjun Deng and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Liang Liu *Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Bingyou Yuan *Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Yuhua Wang *Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Jianpeng Liu *Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Peiyu LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Haifeng ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Xian ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Jianhao WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Yan ChaiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Quanjun DengDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Jianning ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Xin ChenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China. xinchentianjin@163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82471397Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Neurosurgery) Construction Project TJYXZDXK-003ATianjin Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund 25JCLZJC00280
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces profound neuroinflammation, leading to secondary brain damage and neurological dysfunction. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in amplifying inflammatory responses after injury. This study investigates the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in regulating NET formation and subsequent microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after TBI. Using a male mouse model of TBI, we demonstrate that activation of the NLRP3/GSDMD axis significantly enhances NET release from neutrophils. These NETs further activate microglia, promoting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, exacerbating blood-brain barrier damage, and worsening neurological deficits. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 and GSDMD markedly attenuates NET formation, reduces microglial activation, and ameliorates neuroinflammation and neurological deficits. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanistic pathway linking NLRP3/GSDMD-dependent NET formation with microglia-driven neuroinflammation, providing potential therapeutic targets for mitigating secondary injury following TBI.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticExtracellular TrapsIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMicrogliaNeuroinflammatory DiseasesNeutrophilsNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinPhosphate-Binding ProteinsAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierGasderminsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLGasderminsGsdmd protein, mouseIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinNlrp3 protein, mousePhosphate-Binding ProteinsBlood–brain barrierGSDMDMicrogliaNETsNeuroinflammationNLRP3TBI

Identifiers

PMID41521294
PMCPMC12853595

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.