Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41522324›Full record

ArticleTranslational andrology and urology2025

Quantity-effect correlation between water intake and serum uric acid in US adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data.

Xiang-Liang Meng, Chao Zhang, Tao Liu, Zhao-Kun Shi, Yi-Xin Zhang, Wei Hu, Ling-Di Chang, Jun Ding, Xiao-Long Cao, Li Guo and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational andrology and urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xiang-Liang Meng *Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Chao Zhang *Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Tao Liu *Department of Medical Service, The Hospital of Hebei Armed Police Corps, Shijiazhuang, China.
Zhao-Kun ShiDepartment of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Yi-Xin ZhangDepartment of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Wei HuDepartment of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Ling-Di ChangDepartment of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Jun DingDepartment of Urology, No. 904th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Wuxi, China.
Xiao-Long CaoDepartment of General Practice, The Hospital of the 94857th Troop of the People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhu, China.
Li GuoDepartment of Outpatient, the 986th Hospital of Air Force, Xi'an, China.
Ke-Ying ZhangDepartment of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Wei-Jun QinDepartment of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) imposes a substantial clinical and public health burden, affecting 43 million adults in the U.S. and 170 million in China. Increased hydration is often recommended as a preventive measure for HUA, but the quantity-effect correlation between water intake and serum uric acid (SUA) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the quantity-effect correlation between water intake and SUA. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the data of 15,174 participants from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009-2018. The SUA levels (mg/dL) of all the participants were tested, and their daily water intake (g) was estimated based on the average of two 24-hour dietary recalls. To more accurately assess individual water consumption, the ratio of water intake to body weight (g/kg) was employed as a treatment variable. Multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between the two variables. Generalized additive models with smooth curve fittings were also applied. A Sobel-Goodman analysis was conducted to determine whether osmolality served as a mediator between water intake and SUA levels. Results: The final 15,174 participants had a mean age of 44.28±16.33 years (49.0% male), with SUA quartiles showing significant differences in sex, age, and lifestyle factors. The multivariate regression analyses showed that water intake/body weight was negatively correlated with SUA after adjustment for other confounders. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex showed that this negative correlation was more significant in females. Further, a nonlinear negative correlation between water intake/body weight and SUA was observed in the generalized additive model (P<0.001), showing an L-shaped curve (inflection points: 7.591 and 33.57 g/kg for total plain water consumption/body weight and total moisture intake/body weight, respectively). Plasma osmolality mediated the relationship between water intake/body weight and SUA, with mediating effects of 9.14% and 5.84% for total plain water consumption/body weight and total moisture intake/body weight, respectively. Conclusions: This study found a negative correlation between water intake/body weight and SUA, particularly in females. Moreover, the negative relationship exhibited nonlinear characteristics, following an L-shaped curve. Plasma osmolality was found to play a mediating role in the reduction of SUA by water intake. These findings support personalized water intake guidance-targeting intake below inflection points (7.591 g/kg for total plain water, 33.57 g/kg for total moisture) may optimize SUA reduction (especially in females) and inform non-pharmacological HUA management in clinical practice.

Indexed as

hyperuricemia (HUA)National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES)nonlinear relationshipSerum uric acid (SUA)water intake

Identifiers

PMID41522324
PMCPMC12779427

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.