ArticlePeerJ2026
Cholesterol and steroid synthesis pathways may be involved in the inhibition of osteosarcoma cell viability by calcium-sensing receptor antagonism.
Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: This study examined the effect of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonism on human osteosarcoma cells and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of this effect through transcriptome sequencing. Methods: Human osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and Saos-2 were treated with different concentrations (0.1-10 µM) of the CaSR antagonist NPS-2143. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to detect the effect of CaSR antagonism on the viability of the cells. RNA sequencing was performed on cells treated with five µM NPS-2143 for 24 hours, followed by bioinformatic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways. qRT-PCR was conducted to validate key genes. Results: CCK-8 assays showed that at low concentrations (0.1 and one µM), NPS-2143 had no significant effect on MG-63 and Saos-2 cell viability. At higher concentrations (five µM and 10 µM), the viability of MG-63 and Saos-2 cells was significantly reduced. Five µM was therefore selected for subsequent experiments. RNA sequencing revealed distinct gene expression profiles in NPS-2143-treated cells compared to controls. A total of 927 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Saos-2 cells (378 upregulated, 549 downregulated), and 59 DEGs were identified in MG-63 cells (33 upregulated, 26 downregulated). Reactome and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated significant enrichment of cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis-related pathways. Transcriptome sequencing showed that NPS-2143 modulated the expression of genes in cholesterol and steroid synthesis pathways. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed that NPS-2143 promoted the expression of the cholesterol and steroid synthesis pathway genes, Discussion: The inhibitory effect of NPS-2143 on MG-63 and Saos-2 osteosarcoma tumor cell viability was confirmed. CaSR antagonism significantly up-regulated genes involved in cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis, including
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