Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41522688›Full record

ReviewClinical kidney journal2026

The 2025 KDIGO guideline on the management of nephrotic syndrome in children: a comment of the European Renal Association Immunonephrology Working Group.

Eleni Frangou, Andreas Kronbichler, Stefanie Steiger, Annette Bruchfeld, Fernando Caravaca-Fontán, Safak Mirioglu, Sarah Moran, Luis F Quintana, Kate I Stevens, Y K Onno Teng and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical kidney journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Eleni FrangouDepartment of Nephrology, Limassol General Hospital, State Health Service Organization, Limassol, Cyprus.
Andreas KronbichlerDepartment of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Stefanie SteigerDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-494X
Annette BruchfeldDepartment of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Fernando Caravaca-FontánDepartment of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-9663
Safak MiriogluDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-8154
Sarah MoranCork University Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
Luis F QuintanaNational Reference Centre on Complex Glomerular Disease (CSUR), Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-8476
Kate I StevensGlasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-1692
Y K Onno TengCenter of Expertise for Lupus-, Vasculitis- and Complement-Mediated Systemic Diseases (LuVaCs), Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-2195
Jürgen FloegeDivision of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
Marina VivarelliLaboratory of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite advances and therapeutic progress, nephrotic syndrome (NS) in childhood remains challenging due to its heterogeneous presentation, variable response to treatment and the potential of adverse long-term kidney outcomes. The recently published KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the management of NS in children refines the definitions of relapse, infrequently- and frequently-relapsing NS and steroid-resistant NS. Herein we describe the revised definitions, summarize the key updates of the KDIGO 2025 guidelines and comment on the new treatment algorithm from a European viewpoint, highlighting the need for individualized approaches to minimize toxicity and optimize long-term kidney outcomes in NS in children.

Indexed as

anti-nephrinimmunosuppressionkidney biopsynephrotic syndromepaediatric

Identifiers

PMID41522688
PMCPMC12789865

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.