Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41523616›Full record

ArticleScientifica2025

Computational Identification of Potent Multitarget Natural Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics.

Nadia Sharif, Ayesha Bibi, Rakhshinda Sadiq, Iffat Ullah, Abdul Rauf, Muhammad Tayyab Arshad, Shahid Bashir, Hafsa Zamir, Sawaira Gull, Taqwa Anwar and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientifica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Nadia SharifDepartment of Biotechnology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-9270
Ayesha BibiDepartment of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
Rakhshinda SadiqDepartment of Biotechnology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
Iffat UllahDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand, psu.ac.th.
Abdul RaufDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand, psu.ac.th.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5348-9438
Muhammad Tayyab ArshadFaculty of Agro-Industry, Functional Food and Nutrition Program, Center of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand, psu.ac.th.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5290-7631
Shahid BashirUniversity Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, uol.edu.pk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-1553
Hafsa ZamirDepartment of Zoology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
Sawaira GullDepartment of Zoology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
Taqwa AnwarDepartment of Zoology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
Emmanuel LaryeaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, knust.edu.gh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2089-9321

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex neurodegenerative disorder, urgently necessitates a multitarget therapeutic approach. This study presents a novel in silico framework targeting a unique combination of four AD-relevant proteins-sortilin, clusterin, tau, and amyloid-beta (Aβ)-not previously explored together in multitarget docking studies. The study leveraged a comprehensive computational strategy integrating ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and ProTox-3.0 analyses with AutoDock Vina molecular docking, binding, and bond interaction via SiteMap/CASTp and PLIP, respectively. Fifteen novel natural ligands and three established AD reference drugs (donepezil, memantine, and rivastigmine) were assessed against four key AD proteins: sortilin, clusterin, Aβ peptide, and tau. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictions revealed favorable drug-likeness for many ligands, 4-tert-amylphenol, allicin, apigenin, and resveratrol, which exhibited high gastrointestinal absorption but varied in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation, solubility, and drug-likeness. Ligands, such as apigenin, cyanidin, and galantamine, demonstrated favorable oral bioavailability and lead-likeness. Nevertheless, predicted toxicity profiles revealed potential hepatotoxicity concerns for ligands like 4-tert-amylphenol and berberine. Comparison with reference drugs highlighted the importance of optimizing ADME properties and minimizing toxicity. Molecular docking results consistently highlighted ginkgolide with multitarget binding to sortilin (-16.29 kcal/mol), clusterin (-13.98 kcal/mol), and tau (-10.63 kcal/mol). Critical interactions were identified, including binding to the aggregation domain of tau via HIS329. Other promising natural ligands, including ginsenosides, berberine, and apigenin, also exhibited strong multitarget interactions. Ginsenosides were a notable lead, demonstrating key molecular contacts with ILE141 on sortilin and directly targeting the Aβ core at ALA4. Apigenin also showed strong binding to the tau repeat domain at ILE328. Notably, memantine displayed significant binding to both sortilin and Aβ, forming a hydrogen bond with the amyloidogenic ILE5 residue. The study identified several potent multitarget binding capabilities compounds, offering compelling avenues for developing novel, more effective therapeutics for AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimeramyloid-beta (Aβ)ginkgolidemolecular dockingtau protein

Identifiers

PMID41523616
PMCPMC12782343

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.