ReviewCureus2026
Comparative Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors Versus Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improving Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes in Low-Resource Settings in Africa Through Structured Clinical Phenotyping: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Personalised Approach to the Management of Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Association between goiter and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: a cross-sectional study using CHNS data.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular and renal risks in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but their relative efficacy remains uncertain due to the absence of direct comparative trials. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventions concerning major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure, and renal outcomes. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of large-scale, placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcome trials was conducted. PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched for trials published up to December 2025. The primary outcome was MACE (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke). The secondary outcomes included hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), composite renal outcomes, and all-cause mortality. The evaluated safety outcomes included severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, amputation, fracture, and genital infections. Data were pooled using a frequentist random-effects model. In total, 14 trials involving 117,633 participants were included. Both drug classes reduced the risk of MACE compared with placebo (SGLT2i: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84-0.94; GLP-1RA: HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.80-0.93), with no statistically significant difference observed between the two (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.94-1.13). SGLT2 inhibitors had a greater efficacy than GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing HHF (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.66-0.85) and composite renal outcomes (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66-0.87). Similarly, both classes lowered all-cause mortality. SGLT2 inhibitors exhibited an elevated risk of genital infections (relative risk (RR) = 3.49, 95% CI = 2.63-4.55) and diabetic ketoacidosis (RR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.33-4.17) compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are equally effective in preventing MACE. However, SGLT2 inhibitors offer enhanced protection against heart failure and renal disease progression, whereas GLP-1 receptor agonists exhibit a more favorable safety profile for genital infections and ketoacidosis. These findings support a phenotype-specific treatment approach for patients with T2DM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.