Effectiveness of the Shock Team on Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock　- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Recently, shock teams have been introduced to optimize cardiogenic shock (CS) care; however, their clinical benefits remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether management by a shock team improves outcomes in patients with CS. Methods and Results: This meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies comparing adults with CS managed with or without a shock team were identified from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The primary outcome was short-term mortality (cardiac intensive care unit, in-hospital, or 30-day mortality); the secondary outcome was bleeding. Of the 7 retrospective cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria, 3 without a critical risk of bias were included in the analysis. Shock team management was significantly associated with lower short-term mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32-0.85; P=0.010) and bleeding complications (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.43-0.91; P=0.010). Sensitivity analysis using crude data also supported the mortality benefit (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.54-0.85; P<0.010). However, no randomized trials were included, and the certainty of evidence was rated very low owing to the risk of bias and inconsistency. Conclusions: Shock team management may improve short-term outcomes in patients with CS; however, the level of evidence is very low. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate optimal shock team composition and roles.