Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41524592›Full record

ReviewThe Journal of endocrinology2026

Fat's all, folks: culturing and manipulating peri-prostatic adipocytes to probe impacts on prostate cancer biology.

Nil Grunberg, Mathias Winkler, Giles Hellawell, Bijan Khoubehi, Taimur T Shah, Hashim Ahmed, Charlotte L Bevan, Claire E Fletcher

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Journal of endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nil GrunbergImperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Mathias WinklerImperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Giles HellawellDepartment of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, UK.
Bijan KhoubehiDepartment of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, UK.
Taimur T ShahImperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Hashim AhmedImperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Charlotte L BevanImperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-0552
Claire E FletcherImperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-2798

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obesity, officially recognised as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization, will soon overtake smoking as the largest preventable risk factor for cancer. By 2035, more than half the world's population is expected to be overweight or obese with a significant increase in obesity-related health expenditures. However, despite the increase in prevalence and the overall lower life expectancy associated with obesity, mechanisms underpinning obesity-driven diseases are not well understood. Adipocytes pose many challenges for in vitro culture due to their poor cell-to-surface attachment and low viability. Their large size and high lipid content can also present methodological challenges for downstream experiments. Several mouse and human-derived primary pre-adipocyte cell lines have been established over the years. However, they show limited renewal capacity and they cannot be cultured long term in vitro. Commercial cell lines available, which can be cultured long term, fail to represent organ-specific adipocyte heterogeneity. Adipose tissue from different organs and fat depots can show significant heterogeneity in terms of metabolism and overall secretome and extracellular matrix production. The prostate, for example, is surrounded by peri-prostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), the volume of which is associated with an increased risk of lethal prostate cancer and a reduced therapy response. Here, we outline a protocol for ex vivo culture of fresh PPAT and non-prostatic adipose tissue (NPAT), which reflects donor- and depot-specific characteristics. Ex vivo culture of PPAT/NPAT explants maintains cell-cell interactions and preserves local tissue architecture within adipose tissue. We have also described establishment of immortalised, patient PPAT-derived pre-adipocytes and patient-matched NPAT pre-adipocytes that can be in vitro differentiated into mature adipocytes. The protocols outlined here could be readily adapted to other organ-specific fat depots, such as mammary/bone marrow adipose tissue, and to tissues of non-human origin.

Indexed as

AdipocytesAdipose TissueProstateProstatic NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Culture TechniquesHumansMaleMiceObesityadipocyteadiposeexplantpre-adipocyteprostateprostate cancer

Identifiers

PMID41524592
PMCPMC12849434

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.