Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41524734›Full record

ArticleSleep2026

The median preoptic nucleus is a key site for estradiol regulation of sleep-wake behaviors in females rats.

Katie Kruk, Philip C Smith, Danielle M Cusmano, Shaun S Viechweg, Carissa Byrd, Amy Huddleson, Michael D Schwartz, Jessica A Mong

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Katie KrukDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4646-6223
Philip C SmithDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6726-2871
Danielle M CusmanoDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Shaun S ViechwegDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Carissa ByrdDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Amy HuddlesonSchool of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Michael D SchwartzDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jessica A MongDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6992-6288

Funding

A Role for the Orphan Receptor, GPR37, in Estradiol-induced Changes in Sleep-Wake StatesF30HL168851 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI KRUK, KATIE · 2023 to 2025
$145k
NIA, NHLBI, NIA, or NIH 1F30HL145901NIA, NHLBI, NIA, or NIH F30HL168851NIA, NHLBI, NIA, or NIH R01HL85037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

objectivesWomen experience more sleep disruptions than men, particularly during hormonal transitions such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. This study investigated the role of estradiol (E2) in regulating sleep-wake behavior in female rats and identified the brain regions involved.

methodsUsing an exogenous E2 replacement model in ovariectomized rats, we assessed changes in sleep-wake patterns via electroencephalographic/electromyogram telemetry. The effects of E2 and progesterone, selective estrogen receptor agonists, and direct brain infusions of E2 and receptor antagonists were evaluated.

resultsE2 administration increased wakefulness, reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep, and decreased NREM slow-wave activity (SWA), predominantly during the dark phase. These effects required both estrogen receptor alpha and beta activation and were mediated by estrogen receptor signaling within the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). Direct infusion of E2 into the MnPO was sufficient to replicate systemic effects, while local infusion of the pure estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (Fulvestrant) attenuated them. Progesterone did not augment E2's actions, and males showed no sleep-wake changes in response to E2, highlighting sex-specific mechanisms.

conclusionsThe MnPO is a critical site where E2 regulates sleep-wake behavior. These findings provide a neurobiological framework for understanding how ovarian hormones contribute to sleep disruptions in women, offering potential therapeutic targets for sleep disorders related to hormonal changes.

Indexed as

EstradiolPreoptic AreaSleepWakefulnessAnimalsElectroencephalographyElectromyographyFemaleMaleOvariectomyProgesteroneRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyEstradiolProgesteroneestrogen receptorsestrogenspreoptic areasex differencessleep behavior

Identifiers

PMID41524734
PMCPMC13163171

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.