ArticlePituitary2026
Comparison of oral versus intravenous glucose exposure on plasma growth hormone levels: a crossover study in healthy volunteers.
Article in Pituitary, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHypoglycaemia stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion, whereas hyperglycaemia suppresses it. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, particularly the potential role of gut-derived hormones released in response to oral glucose.
aimTo investigate whether GH suppression is modulated by the route of glucose administration.
methodsA two-day intervention study in healthy volunteers. GH, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were compared with those during a 2-h isoglycaemic intravenous (IV) glucose infusion. GH levels were analyzed using paired t-test of GH concentrations at every blood sample time point. The effect of intervention on all measured hormones were also assessed by paired t-test of Area Under the Curve (AUC).
results12 healthy volunteers (6 females, mean age 47.9 ± 5.4 years) were included. In 9 of the 12 subjects, IV glucose induced an early peak in plasma-GH followed by a decrease. At 20 min after glucose intake GH levels increased by 46% during IV glucose compared to a decrease of 17% during oral glucose. The biggest numerically difference in GH between oral vs IV glucose was seen at 45 min (median [range], 0.30 [0.05-1.13] vs. 0.46 [0.05-9.82] µg/l, p = 0.072). There was no difference between AUC of GH levels (p = 0.381). During IV glucose, two subjects did not reach the threshold for excluding acromegaly. Oral glucose showed significant increases compared to IV glucose for insulin (p < 0.001), GLP-1 (p = 0.002) and GIP (p < 0.001) when using paired t-test of AUC.
conclusionsRoute of glucose exposure might influence the suppressive effect of glucose on GH secretion. This finding suggests that stimulation of other hormone systems may play a contributing role on the regulation of GH. The potential mechanism behind remains elusive but changes in gut-derived hormones might be of importance.
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