Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41525152›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2026

Impact of Maternal Diabetes in Pregnancy on Newborn IgG Antibody Repertoire and Infection Risk in the First 6 Months of Life.

Guoying Wang, Ingo Ruczinski, H Benjamin Larman, Maria J Gutierrez, Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, Xiumei Hong, Hongkai Ji, Colleen Pearson, William G Adams, Xiaobin Wang

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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Guoying WangDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-9423-8946
Ingo RuczinskiDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
H Benjamin LarmanInstitute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Maria J GutierrezDepartment of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Pamela A Frischmeyer-GuerrerioLaboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Xiumei HongDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Hongkai JiDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Colleen PearsonDepartment of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA.
William G AdamsDepartment of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Xiaobin WangDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.

Funding

Immune Development Across the Life Course: Integrating Exposures and Multi-Omics in the Boston Birth CohortU01ES034983 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Hongkai Ji, Harry Benjamin Larman · 2022 to 2026
$3.9M
Functional RNA Modifications, Micronutrient Exposure, Developmental DisabilitiesR01ES031521 · NIEHS · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI WANG, XIAOBIN, XIE, HEHUANG · 2020 to 2024
$1.9M
Maternal Exposure to Low Level Mercury, Metabolome, and Child Cardiometabolic Risk in Multi-Ethnic Prospective Birth CohortsR01ES031272 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, GUOYING, WANG, XIAOBIN · 2020 to 2024
$1.2M
Inter-Generational Cardiometabolic Risk: Explore Underlying Immune PathwaysR21HD116039 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, GUOYING · 2024 to 2025
$450k
American Diabetes Association 7-24-ICTSWH-13Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 2R01HD041702Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01HD098232Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R21HD116039HRSA HHS UT7MC45949NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD116039NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES031272NIEHS NIH HHS R01ES031272NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES031521NIEHS NIH HHS R01ES031521NIEHS NIH HHS U01 ES034983
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate whether maternal diabetes in pregnancy was associated with altered neonatal global IgG repertoire and early-life infections in offspring. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThis study included 2,702 mother-infant pairs enrolled at birth and followed longitudinally at the Boston Medical Center. Maternal diabetes and infant infections were extracted from electronic medical records. Cord blood IgG antibodies against a wide range of microbes were quantified using Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing.

resultsOverall, 327 infants (12.1%) were born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 138 (5.1%) to mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PDM). Of these, 416 infants (15.4%) and 1,425 infants (52.7%) had at least one infection in the neonatal period and the first 6 months of life, respectively. Compared with no diabetes, both maternal GDM (risk ratio [RR] 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32) and PDM (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.12-1.47) were significantly associated with an elevated risk of infections in infants during the first 6 months. These associations were particularly pronounced among infants born preterm, delivered via cesarean section, or with lower IgG repertoire diversity. Additionally, PDM was associated with a lower newborn's global IgG repertoire diversity, compared with no diabetes, with the effect more marked among infants whose mothers had prepregnancy overweight or obesity.

conclusionsThis study provides strong evidence of an increased infection risk in the infants of mothers with diabetes and a reduced IgG repertoire diversity in those of PDM mothers. Lower IgG diversity exacerbated the diabetes-infection link. These findings suggest that maternal metabolic conditions may impact an infant's passive immunity and susceptibility to infections.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalImmunoglobulin GInfectionsAdultFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornPregnancyImmunoglobulin G

Identifiers

PMID41525152
PMCPMC12925977

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.