ArticlePloS one2026
Prevalence, demographic factors, co-morbidities, and treatment types associated with acanthosis nigricans in a large cross-section of 900+ transmasculine patients: Data from a single academic center 2016-2023.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Transgender Health: A Metabolic Wake-Up Call.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAcanthosis nigricans (AN) is a highly visible cutaneous condition that has been associated with cardiometabolic factors, drugs, or malignancy in various populations. AN can be challenging to treat. Transmasculine patients are a special population, but their AN prevalence, and whether AN associates with demographic factors, co-morbidities and gender affirming care (GAC) treatment types have not been well-studied. Our study explores whether GAC treatment type is associated with AN while controlling for confounders in a large group of transmasculine patients at an academic center.
methodsFollowing Institutional Review Board approval, the Stanford Research Repository (01/01/2016-21/09/2023) was searched to identify transmasculine patients for individual chart review. The primary outcome was AN and its association with demographic factors, co-morbidities, and gender-affirming care (GAC) treatment type by multivariate logistic regression (presented as Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI)).
resultsOut of 945 transmasculine patients, AN prevalence was 4.55%, an elevated rate compared to the overall database prevalence of 0.3% for the same period. Prevalence of AN in transmasculine patients never exposed to GAC was 4.02% (7/174). Median age was 20.1 years (interquartile range (IQR) 17.2-25.4). On multivariate logistic regression, AN was associated with obesity (OR 9.31, 95% CI 4.40-20.33), metabolic syndrome (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.09-15.23), prediabetes (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.10-8.54), hypertension (OR 2.74, 95% CI 0.96-7.18), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.12-5.25). GAC type (including exogenous testosterone usage) was not associated with AN, despite >99% power to detect a 10% difference in AN prevalence.
conclusionsBecause AN is enriched in transmasculine patients, and precedes co-morbidities in a majority of cases, dermatologists and other physicians should consider examination of common areas for AN in in transmasculine patients, as screening and diagnosis of co-morbidities could lead to improved health outcomes.
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