ArticleGeroScience2026
Association between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and risks of 14 age-related health outcomes in primary prevention older population.
Article in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Temperature-related indicators and risk of incident cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal cohort study from CHARLS.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association of CTI and its obesity-related derivatives with incident depression among middle-aged and older adults across CKM stages 0-4: a nationwide prospective cohort study and external clinical validation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe American Heart Association (AHA) recently introduced a new clinical entity; the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKMS), to promote a multi-disciplinary approach for chronic disease management. This study aims to investigate the relationship between CKMS and major adverse outcomes in older populations in primary care.
methodsThis study utilized data from 18,367 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65, free from prior cardiovascular disease (CVD). Participants were classified into four CKMS stages (stage 0-no CKMS risk factor to stage 3-high CKMS risk) at baseline based on the AHA definition. The association with 14 health outcomes was analysed using multivariable cause-specific hazard models. Additional stratifications were performed by social disadvantage, inflammation levels, and number of CKMS components within each stage to refine risk staging.
resultsOver a median follow-up of 8.6 years, the prevalence of CKMS stages 0 to 3 was 2.8%, 8.2%, 52.6%, and 36.0%, respectively. Compared to stage 0, stage 3 associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.31, 95%CI 1.01-1.69), CVD mortality (3.11, 1.46-6.60), incident total CVD events (2.78, 1.86-4.15), myocardial infarction (2.37, 1.21-4.62), stroke (2.75, 1.50-5.04), heart failure hospitalization (4.56, 1.45-14.37), atrial fibrillation (2.63, 1.61-4.29), cancer (1.31, 1.04-1.64), depression (1.20, 1.04-1.39), and physical disability (1.92, 1.20-3.08). Social disadvantage, high inflammation, and CKMS component count further amplified these associations. No linear trend was observed for cognitive outcomes and non-CVD cause-specific mortality.
conclusionThis study is the first to establish relationships between CKMS and multiple age-related outcomes in older adults, providing critical insights for developing holistic approaches to primary care in the aged.
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Identifiers
41526597What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.