ArticleNature plants2026
Virulence on Pm4 kinase-based resistance is determined by two divergent wheat powdery mildew effectors.
Article in Nature plants, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- An HMA-like integrated domain in the wheat tandem kinase WTK4 recognises an RNase-like pathogen effector.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tracking the Evolutionary Trajectory of a Young Hybrid Plant Pathogen.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Bulked segregant RNA sequencing and linkage mapping identify a Pm4 allele conferring stable powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding line YZ16.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Dual recognition of structurally unrelated mildew effectors underlies the broad-spectrum resistance of Pm3e in wheat.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The emerging role of kinase fusion proteins in cereal immunity.Nature genetics · 2026Review
- Diversify and conquer: How effector diversity is shaped by host-microbe co-evolution.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The wheat resistance gene Pm4 encodes a kinase fusion protein and has gained particular attention as it confers race-specific resistance against two major wheat pathogens: powdery mildew and blast. Here we describe the identification of AvrPm4, the mildew avirulence effector recognized by Pm4, using UV mutagenesis, and its functional validation in wheat protoplasts. We show that AvrPm4 directly interacts with and is phosphorylated by Pm4. Using genetic association and quantitative trait locus mapping, we further demonstrate that the evasion of Pm4 resistance by virulent mildew isolates relies on a second fungal component, SvrPm4, which suppresses AvrPm4-induced cell death. Surprisingly, SvrPm4 was previously described as AvrPm1a. We show that SvrPm4, but not its inactive variant svrPm4, is recognized by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptor Pm1a. These multiple roles of a single effector provide a new perspective on fungal (a)virulence proteins and their combinatorial interactions with different types of immune receptors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.