Evidence mapPaperPMID 41526898Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2026

SGLT-2 Inhibitor use and liver-related and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and compensated cirrhosis.

Tien-Shin Chou, Daniel Hsiang-Te Tsai, Shieh-Chieh Shao, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai

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Article in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tien-Shin ChouDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
Daniel Hsiang-Te TsaiSchool of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Shieh-Chieh ShaoSchool of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. scshao@cgmh.org.tw.
Edward Chia-Cheng LaiSchool of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Funding

National Health Research Institutes of Taiwan NHRI-11A1-CG-CO-04-2225-1; NHRI-12A1-CG-CO-04-2225-1; NHRI-13A1-CG-CO-04-2225-1; NHRI-14A1-CG-CO-04-2225-1National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan NSTC 112-2628-B-006-003-; NSTC 113-2628-B-006-009-; NSTC 114-2320-B-182A-007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors with pleiotropic effects beyond glycemic control potentially improve clinical outcomes in cirrhosis; however, large-scale human evidence remains limited. We aimed to compare liver outcomes and mortality risk in adults with type 2 diabetes and compensated cirrhosis, who initiated either SGLT-2 inhibitors or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.

methodsUsing the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network and a target trial emulation framework, we identified adults with compensated cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes initiating an SGLT-2- or DPP-4 inhibitor between 2016 and 2024. Baseline demographics, laboratory information, comorbidities and concomitant medications were matched by propensity scores. The primary outcome was a composite of incident hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma and all-cause mortality. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

resultsWe included 5,398 patients (mean [SD] age: 63.9 [10.3] years), receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors, matched to 5,398 DPP-4 inhibitor users, with an overall mean follow-up of 49.8 months. Compared to DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79-0.91), with similar results for all-cause mortality (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.69-0.85) and incident hepatic decompensation (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96), but not for hepatocellular carcinoma (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.82-1.14).

conclusionsAmong adults with compensated cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and incident hepatic decompensation, compared to DPP-4 inhibitors. Future clinical trials are warranted to confirm this observation.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsLiver CirrhosisSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedCarcinoma, HepatocellularFemaleHumansLiver NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsCompensated cirrhosisDPP-4 inhibitorsHepatic decompensationHepatocellular carcinomaSGLT-2 inhibitorsType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41526898
PMCPMC12888456

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.