Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41527634›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Impact of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Under Contemporary Standard Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Fahd Mohammed Abdullah Makhsham, Khaled Abdulbaqi Baggash Nasr, Amer Abdulelah Saif Al-Sewaiee, Hussam Salmen Abdulrahman Abdullah, Jiab Mahyoub Abdo Noman, Abdikader Abdullahi Salad, Ahmed Abdulwasea Furas Ali Mohsen, Abdullah Mohsan Nasser Saleh, Qingchun Zeng

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Following Heart Transplantation: A Meta-analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Fahd Mohammed Abdullah MakhshamGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Cardiology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.
Khaled Abdulbaqi Baggash NasrGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Cardiology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.
Amer Abdulelah Saif Al-SewaieeGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Cardiology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.
Hussam Salmen Abdulrahman AbdullahGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Cardiology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.
Jiab Mahyoub Abdo NomanGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Cardiology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.
Abdikader Abdullahi SaladGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Cardiology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.
Ahmed Abdulwasea Furas Ali MohsenGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Cardiology Department, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.
Abdullah Mohsan Nasser SalehSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.
Qingchun ZengGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Cardiology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, CHN.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in reducing key cardiovascular outcomes, namely hospitalization for heart failure, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A total of 12 publications (including subgroup analyses) were analyzed. The selected RCTs compared the effects of SGLT2i (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin) with standard care among patients with HFrEF. The pooled data demonstrated that SGLT2i significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality by 23% and hospitalization for heart failure by 25%, compared to standard care. These benefits were consistently observed across both diabetic and non-diabetic subgroups, underscoring the broader therapeutic potential of SGLT2i in HFrEF management. However, no statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality was identified. While the findings affirm the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i, the lack of impact on overall mortality highlights the need for further longitudinal studies. These results support the integration of SGLT2i into contemporary HFrEF treatment protocols while informing future research priorities.

Indexed as

cardiovascular mortalitydapagliflozinheart failuresglt2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41527634
PMCPMC12790611

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.