Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41529878›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Exploring the mechanisms of yoga-based cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure via assessment of endothelial function, genomics and arterial health (Yoga-EndOmics): a study protocol.

Vindya Vasu Shetty, Laxmi Ramchandra Patil, Satish G Patil, Kiran Aithal, Ajay Kumar Oli, Vijay Aravind Yenagi, Ram S Kaulgud, Mahesh Dharne, Ambalam M Chandra Sekaran, Dorairaj Prabhakaran

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Vindya Vasu ShettyCenter for Integrated Medicine and Research, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, KA, India.
Laxmi Ramchandra PatilCenter for Integrated Medicine and Research, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, KA, India.
Satish G PatilCenter for Integrated Medicine and Research, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, KA, India sathupatil@yahoo.co.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-4150-980X
Kiran AithalDepartment of General Medicine, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, KA, India.
Ajay Kumar OliDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Dharwad, KA, India.
Vijay Aravind YenagiMulti-disciplinary Research Unit, Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (DIMHANS), Dharwad, KA, India.
Ram S KaulgudDepartment of Medicine, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
Mahesh DharneNational Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, MH, India.
Ambalam M Chandra SekaranCentre for Yoga in Public Health Research, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, Delhi, India.
Dorairaj PrabhakaranCentre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3172-834X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHeart failure (HF) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where access to comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is limited. Yoga, a culturally contextualised mind-body intervention, holds promise as an adjunctive therapy in CR. The Yoga-EndOmics study aims to evaluate the effects of Yoga-based cardiac rehabilitation (Yoga-CaRe) on gene expression, endothelial function, vascular biomarkers and clinical outcomes in systolic HF, providing mechanistic insights into its potential integration into conventional cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) mechanistic trial enrolling 78 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a structured Yoga-CaRe intervention or enhanced standard care for 3 months. The Yoga-CaRe group will attend 20 supervised sessions with guided home practice involving tailored asanas, pranayama and meditation. Primary outcomes are changes in endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and functional exercise capacity at 3 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in arterial compliance and stiffness, circulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation, and immediate changes in global gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following the Yoga-CaRe intervention. Data will be analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for between-group comparisons and significant analysis of microarray (SAM) for global gene expression profiles. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has received ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, India ( TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CTRI/2023/12/060758.

Indexed as

Cardiac RehabilitationEndothelium, VascularHeart FailureYogaBiomarkersFemaleGenomicsHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBiomarkersDNA MethylationGeneticsHeart failureMolecular biologyRandomized Controlled Trial

Identifiers

PMID41529878
PMCPMC12815088

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.