ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026
Small intracellular vesicles outperform small extracellular vesicles in uptake, drug delivery and retinal neuroprotection.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Organization from cell to tissue derived delivery systems for immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles have been widely studied for their therapeutic properties and ability to deliver bioactive molecules. In addition to secretory vesicles, cells contain small intracellular vesicles involved in physiological and metabolic processes, whose therapeutic potential remains unexplored. Here we developed protocols to isolate small intracellular vesicles from multiple cell types and systematically compared their molecular and functional profiles to extracellular vesicles. Intracellular vesicles are smaller, yield higher quantities and demonstrate enhanced cellular uptake in both in vitro and in vivo models. Molecular profiling revealed that intracellular vesicles are enriched in proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, possess distinct microRNA signatures linked to intracellular membrane systems, and contain elevated levels of phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells showed superior therapeutic efficacy in a model of retinal degeneration by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and delivering neuroprotective factors. In addition, intracellular vesicles exhibited enhanced drug-loading capacity and efficient delivery of lipophilic compounds to the retina. These findings position intracellular vesicles as promising candidates for therapeutic applications.
Identifiers
41530294What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.