Evidence mapPaperPMID 41530737Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2026

Indonesian stingless bee propolis extract attenuates hepatic inflammation following a chronic high-saturated fat diet.

Andreas Christoper, Herry Herman, Rizky Abdulah, Felix Zulhendri, Milena Popova, Boryana Trusheva, Vassya Bankova, Ronny Lesmana

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Andreas ChristoperDoctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, 40161, Bandung, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-4262
Herry HermanDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, 40161, Bandung, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-858X
Rizky AbdulahDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-6421
Felix ZulhendriDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7881-1845
Milena PopovaInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-9059
Boryana TrushevaInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-6111
Vassya BankovaInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-6313
Ronny LesmanaCenter of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia. ronny@unpad.ac.id.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7425-915X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic syndromes, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, can exacerbate inflammation-induced liver damage, which is associated with high-fat diets (HFD) and sedentary lifestyles. The substantial hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory properties of propolis extract can potentially reduce hepatic inflammation and prevent the progression of liver damage. This study aims to investigate the role of Indonesian propolis extract in reducing hepatic inflammation after dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia.

methodsThe experiment started with feeding HFD to the rats for 12 weeks, then a daily dosage of 300 mg/kg BW of propolis extract was administered via gavage for 9 weeks. Body weight, liver index, and blood biochemical analysis were conducted to determine the pharmacodynamic evaluation of propolis extract. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was investigated in the liver tissue. The correlation and regression analysis assessed the relationship between dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hepatic inflammation.

resultsNine weeks of propolis extract supplementation significantly decreased body weight and liver index. Propolis also improves blood profile by reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and glucose levels and increasing HDL-C levels. The expression of hepatic inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was decreased in the HFD group after propolis administration. A significant moderate to strong correlation (0.56–0.94) was found between the lipid profile, glucose levels, and hepatic inflammation. The lipid profile represented approximately 84.6%, 49.9%, and 68.7% of the hepatic inflammatory cytokine expression variation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.

conclusionBased on current evidence, Indonesian propolis alleviated hepatic inflammation by improving dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia after a prolonged high-fat diet in vivo. Therefore, further clinical studies are warranted to substantiate its complementary role in metabolic or inflammatory conditions. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not Applicable.

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory AgentsDiet, High-FatInflammationPropolisAnimalsCytokinesDyslipidemiasHyperglycemiaIndonesiaLiverMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCytokinesPropolisDyslipidemiaHepatic inflammationHigh-fat dietHyperglycemiaIndonesian propolis extract

Identifiers

PMID41530737
PMCPMC12888720

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.