Evidence mapPaperPMID 41532329Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Metformin attenuates metabolic insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation after high-intensity exercise training in adults at risk for metabolic syndrome.

Steven K Malin, Emily M Heiston, Daniel J Battillo, Tristan J Ragland, Anna Ballantyne, Sue A Shapses, Ankit M Shah, James T Patrie

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Steven K MalinDepartment of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7360-6711
Emily M HeistonDepartment of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Daniel J BattilloDepartment of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Tristan J RaglandDepartment of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Anna BallantyneDepartment of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Sue A ShapsesDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Ankit M ShahDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
James T PatrieDivision of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Funding

NHLBI NIH HHS RO1-HL130296
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsMixed evidence exists on whether metformin adds to or attenuates the insulin-sensitising effects of exercise. To date, no studies have tested whether metformin differentially impacts exercise training intensity-mediated insulin sensitivity. We tested the hypothesis that metformin would blunt metabolic insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate oxidation in an intensity-based manner among adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants were randomised to low-intensity exercise plus placebo (~55% VO

resultsHiEx + PL increased metabolic insulin sensitivity (p = 0.017) while HiEx + Met, LoEx + PL, or LoEx + Met did not. HiEx + PL also raised insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation and decreased fat oxidation compared with LoEx + Met (both, p = 0.008). Increased metabolic insulin sensitivity related to reductions in fasting glucose (r = -0.41, p = 0.025), VO

conclusionsMetformin attenuated metabolic insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation after high-intensity exercise training in adults at risk for MetS.

Indexed as

Carbohydrate MetabolismExerciseHigh-Intensity Interval TrainingHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin ResistanceMetabolic SyndromeMetforminAdultBlood GlucoseDouble-Blind MethodFemaleGlucose Clamp TechniqueHumansInsulinMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMetforminfat metabolisminsulin sensitivityobesityphysical activitytype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41532329
PMCPMC12992159

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.