Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41533915›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026

Genomic Landscape Reveals Correlation of Endosymbiont Ralstonia With Acanthamoeba Keratitis Severity.

Jinding Pang, Zhenyu Wei, Zijun Zhang, Xizhan Xu, Yan Peng, Qiankun Chen, Yuan Wei, Jiamin Liu, Yuxi Zhang, Qingquan Shi and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Jinding PangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zhenyu WeiBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zijun ZhangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xizhan XuBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yan PengBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Qiankun ChenBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yuan WeiBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jiamin LiuBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yuxi ZhangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Qingquan ShiBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zhiqun WangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yang ZhangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Kexin ChenBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Man ZhouBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xinxin LuBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Qingfeng LiangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the basic genomic profile of Acanthamoeba, obtain information on Acanthamoeba endosymbionts, and analyze the correlation between these endosymbionts and the prognosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) patients. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on 30 cornea-derived Acanthamoeba strains. Pan-genome analysis was performed, and endosymbionts were identified by metagenomic analysis. Gimenez staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy were used to prove the existence of endosymbionts. Linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to associate endosymbiont species with AK clinical prognosis. The correlation between the endosymbiont Ralstonia and pathogenicity was experimentally validated by assessing the biological characteristics of Acanthamoeba and by performing clinical and histopathological evaluations in AK mouse models. Results: Whole genome sequencing revealed that the Acanthamoeba genome size was 37.1-105.0 Mb and GC content was 53.9%-60.5%. Pan-genomic analysis indicated an open state of the Acanthamoeba genome. Metagenomic analysis identified the presence of endosymbionts within Acanthamoeba, notably the endosymbiont Ralstonia, which was associated with poor prognosis at the genus level (P = 0.047). Acanthamoeba harboring the endosymbiont Ralstonia exhibited an increased migration area, enhanced adhesion, and had a more pronounced cytopathic effect. The size of clinical scores and corneal ulcers showed a significant increase in mouse models induced by Acanthamoeba with endosymbiont Ralstonia. Conclusions: Whole-genome sequencing highlighted the symbiotic relationship between Acanthamoeba and associated microorganisms. The presence of the endosymbiont Ralstonia influenced the biological characteristics of Acanthamoeba and was correlated with clinical poor prognosis in AK, suggesting its potential as a target for clinical intervention.

Indexed as

AcanthamoebaAcanthamoeba KeratitisRalstoniaSymbiosisAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleGenome, BacterialHumansIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceMaleMiceMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionWhole Genome Sequencing

Identifiers

PMID41533915
PMCPMC12805958

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.