ArticleScientific reports2026
Evaluation of the cardiopulmonary effects of repurposed COVID-19 therapeutics in healthy rats.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Drug repurposing against viral infections (2020-2025): clinical trials, computational strategies, and therapeutic interventions.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Regulatory complexity and therapeutic targeting of the necroptosis network.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCLQ), favipiravir (FAVI), molnupiravir (MOL) and dexamethasone (DEX) are recently used drugs, some of which are currently used in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). We aimed to investigate the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of MOL, HCLQ, FAVI and DEX-drugs repurposed or used in COVID-19 treatment-independently of SARS-CoV-2 infection, using a healthy rat model. Wistar albino rats were divided into seven groups by simple randomization. (1) Control, (2) HCLQ, (3) FAVI, (4) MOL, (5) HCLQ + FAVI, (6) MOL + DEX, (7) HCLQ + FAVI + DEX. The doses of drugs to be administered to the experimental groups were adapted to rat doses with reference to the clinical treatment protocol. At the end of the experimental period, hemodynamic parameters of the rats were measured invasively. After that, the heart, lung and thoracic aortic tissues of the rats were removed and evaluated biochemically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically. When the hemodynamic parameters of the rats were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups only in the PR interval (p < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the histopathologic changes observed in the HCLQ + FAVI + DEX group were significantly higher (p < 0.05), while all other groups had a normal histologic appearance similar to the control group. Vimentin immunoreactivity was significantly higher in MOL, HCLQ + FAVI and MOL + DEX groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 immunoreactivity observed in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes was significantly higher in the HCLQ + FAVI group compared to all other groups except the FAVI group (p < 0.05). In contrast, caspase-3 immunoreactivity was found to be significantly higher in the FAVI group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Drugs used alone or in combination in the treatment of COVID-19 show immunoreactions using different pathways related to apoptosis and necroptosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of these drugs.
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Registered trials
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