Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41535314›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Smelling the romantic partner's natural body odor increases psychological and autonomic but not cortisol stress responses.

Franny B Spengler, Johannes T Doerflinger, Josephine A Noel, Beate Ditzen, Jessica Freiherr, Markus Heinrichs

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Franny B Spengler *Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. franny.spengler@psychologie.uni-freiburg.de.
Johannes T Doerflinger *Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. johannes.doerflinger@psychologie.uni-freiburg.de.
Josephine A NoelLaboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Beate DitzenInstitute of Medical Psychology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bergheimer Str. 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Jessica FreiherrSensory Analytics & Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany.
Markus HeinrichsLaboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. heinrichs@psychologie.uni-freiburg.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While social support from romantic partners is known to ameliorate stress responses, it remains unclear whether perceiving a partner’s body odor can elicit similar stress-buffering effects. In this study, 179 participants living in heterosexual romantic relationships underwent either the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a non-stressful control condition while being exposed to their partner’s body odor (collected under standardized conditions over five consecutive nights) or a neutral, non-social control odor presented via an olfactometer. The partner’s odor had no effect on cortisol release. However, contrary to previous findings, subconsciously smelling one’s own partner increased subjective stress and heart rates. Potential underlying mechanisms include the causal misattribution of attraction-related, arousal-induced heart rate increases to the stressful experimental situation, or an evolutionarily adaptive mechanism that amplifies stress responses when a loved one is potentially involved in the threatening situation.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous SystemHydrocortisoneOdorantsSexual PartnersSmellStress, PsychologicalAdultFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleSubjective StressYoung AdultHydrocortisone

Identifiers

PMID41535314
PMCPMC12804818

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.