Evidence mapPaperPMID 41535371Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward insulin treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes: a structural modeling study.

Xiaoxiao Wang, Yahao Ling, Yucen Liu, Hao Ju, Xiao Li, Hezhi Wang, Xiaosu Bai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xiaoxiao WangDepartment of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China.
Yahao LingDepartment of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China.
Yucen LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China.
Hao JuDepartment of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China.
Xiao LiDepartment of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China.
Hezhi WangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China. wangwlkb@163.com.
Xiaosu BaiDepartment of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, China. baixiaosu0313@163.com.

Funding

Hospital Pharmacy Research Foundation of Guangdong Province 2023A32Scientific Research Projects of Medical and Health Institutions of Longhua District, Shenzhen 2022106Scientific Research Projects of Medical and Health Institutions of Longhua District, Shenzhen 2023002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This Web-based cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) regarding insulin treatment. It was conducted from March 2023 to July 2023. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic information from patients with T2DM and assess their KAP regarding insulin treatment. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied, and model adequacy was evaluated using established fit indices, including chi-square fit statistic/degrees of freedom, root mean square error of approximation, incremental fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, and comparative fit index. A total of 679 questionnaires were collected. Among patients with T2DM, 434 (63.92%) were male, 568 (84.65%) resided in urban areas, 328 (48.31%) had a high school or technical secondary school education, and 302 (44.48%) reported a familial predisposition to diabetes. The KAP scores were 4.43 ± 2.49 (possible range: 0-8), 36.63 ± 6.30 (possible range: 10-50), and 28.90 ± 10.69 (possible range: 9-45), respectively. SEM demonstrated that knowledge was positively associated with attitudes (β = 0.844, P < 0.001), and attitudes significantly predicted practices (β = 0.903, P < 0.001). The study found that participants in this sample demonstrated limited knowledge (mean score of 4.43/8), moderately negative attitudes (mean score of 36.63/50), and generally passive practices (mean score of 28.90/45) regarding insulin treatment. This the necessity of comprehensive training programs to enhance patient understanding and foster effective insulin administration behaviors. These findings highlight the need for strengthened patient education strategies and clinical interventions to improve insulin-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-management behaviors in routine diabetes care.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinAttitudesCross-sectional studyKnowledgePracticesType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41535371
PMCPMC12881414

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.